中国心理卫生杂志
中國心理衛生雜誌
중국심리위생잡지
CHINESE MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL
2015年
4期
295-300
,共6页
中小学教师%工作特征%工作要求%工作资源%比较%现况调查
中小學教師%工作特徵%工作要求%工作資源%比較%現況調查
중소학교사%공작특정%공작요구%공작자원%비교%현황조사
primary and secondary school teachers%job characteristics%job demands%job resources%compar-ison%cross-sectional studies
目的:探讨中国内地和香港中小学教师工作特征的现状与差异,为两地教师的工作特征改善提供依据。方法:选取两地教师共504名(内地教师242名,香港教师262名),采用中小学教师工作特征问卷(JCS-PSST,包括工作要求和工作资源2个分问卷,每个分问卷各含6个因子)进行问卷调查。结果:两地教师工作要求和工作资源得分均高于中位数3。香港教师的工作负荷、情绪要求、学生不良行为、角色压力及硬件条件、自主控制、工作回报得分均高于内地教师,而同事支持得分则低于内地教师(均 P<0.05)。内地教师的工作负荷和职业道德要求存在性别差异,工作负荷、职业道德要求、组织支持、同事支持、硬件条件和工作意义存在教龄差异(均 P <0.05),而香港教师则是组织支持、硬件条件和工作回报存在学段差异(均 P <0.05)。结论:两地教师的工作特征均属于“高要求-高资源”类型,但在“高”的程度以及人口统计学特点上存在差异。
目的:探討中國內地和香港中小學教師工作特徵的現狀與差異,為兩地教師的工作特徵改善提供依據。方法:選取兩地教師共504名(內地教師242名,香港教師262名),採用中小學教師工作特徵問捲(JCS-PSST,包括工作要求和工作資源2箇分問捲,每箇分問捲各含6箇因子)進行問捲調查。結果:兩地教師工作要求和工作資源得分均高于中位數3。香港教師的工作負荷、情緒要求、學生不良行為、角色壓力及硬件條件、自主控製、工作迴報得分均高于內地教師,而同事支持得分則低于內地教師(均 P<0.05)。內地教師的工作負荷和職業道德要求存在性彆差異,工作負荷、職業道德要求、組織支持、同事支持、硬件條件和工作意義存在教齡差異(均 P <0.05),而香港教師則是組織支持、硬件條件和工作迴報存在學段差異(均 P <0.05)。結論:兩地教師的工作特徵均屬于“高要求-高資源”類型,但在“高”的程度以及人口統計學特點上存在差異。
목적:탐토중국내지화향항중소학교사공작특정적현상여차이,위량지교사적공작특정개선제공의거。방법:선취량지교사공504명(내지교사242명,향항교사262명),채용중소학교사공작특정문권(JCS-PSST,포괄공작요구화공작자원2개분문권,매개분문권각함6개인자)진행문권조사。결과:량지교사공작요구화공작자원득분균고우중위수3。향항교사적공작부하、정서요구、학생불량행위、각색압력급경건조건、자주공제、공작회보득분균고우내지교사,이동사지지득분칙저우내지교사(균 P<0.05)。내지교사적공작부하화직업도덕요구존재성별차이,공작부하、직업도덕요구、조직지지、동사지지、경건조건화공작의의존재교령차이(균 P <0.05),이향항교사칙시조직지지、경건조건화공작회보존재학단차이(균 P <0.05)。결론:량지교사적공작특정균속우“고요구-고자원”류형,단재“고”적정도이급인구통계학특점상존재차이。
Objective:To discuss the situation and differences of primary and secondary school teachers'job characteristics between mainland China and Hong Kong in order to provide the basis for improvement of job charac-teristics.Methods:A total of 504 teachers (242 in mainland China and 262 in Hong Kong)were chosen to com-plete the Job Characteristics Scale of Primary and Secondary School Teachers (including job demands sub-question-naire of six factors and job resources sub-questionnaire of six factors).Results:Teachers'job demands and job re-sources scores in both two areas were higher than the median 3.The scores of workload,emotional demands, student's misbehavior,role stress,and hard ware conditions,autonomy,work reward of Hong Kong teachers were higher than mainland China teachers(Ps <0.05),while the coworker support score was opposite.In addition,there were gender difference in workload and occupation moral requirements in Mainland China (Ps <0.05),as well as work age difference in workload,occupation moral requirements,organizational support,coworker support,hardware conditions and work reward,while school stage difference in organizational support,hardware conditions and work reward in Hong Kong (Ps <0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that teachers'job characteristics are both "high demands-high resources"type in the two areas,but the "high"degree and the demographic characteristics are different.