环境科学
環境科學
배경과학
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
2015年
3期
1133-1140
,共8页
N-DAMO%Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera%星形细胞形态%10MeC16:1△7%内产氧代谢%甲烷汇
N-DAMO%Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera%星形細胞形態%10MeC16:1△7%內產氧代謝%甲烷彙
N-DAMO%Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera%성형세포형태%10MeC16:1△7%내산양대사%갑완회
N-DAMO%Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera%star-like cell shape%10MeC16:1△7%intra-aerobic metabolism%methane sink
亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化( nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, N-DAMO)是新近发现的生物反应,是偶联碳氮循环的关键环节,是环境领域和微生物领域的重大发现. N-DAMO的发现对于完善碳氮生物地球化学循环、丰富微生物学内容和研发新型生物脱氮除碳工艺均具有巨大的推动作用.催化N-DAMO反应的微生物为Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera ( M. oxyfera),其隶属于一新发现的细菌门———NC10门.近年来,M. oxyfera的生物学研究取得了许多突破性进展,如初步探明了其个体形态特征、细胞化学组分特征、富集培养特征、生理生化特征及生态学特征,最突出的例子包括发现了M. oxyfera独特的细胞(星状)形态及特殊的脂肪酸(10MeC16：1△7)组分等.最近,N-DAMO的机制研究方面也有了突破性进展：发现了地球上第4种生物产氧途径.目前认为,M. oxyfera具有内产氧功能,其首先将NO2-还原为NO,然后将2分子NO进行歧化反应生成N2和O2,最后利用生成的O2对甲烷进行氧化.本文系统地介绍了M. oxyfera各方面的微生物特性.
亞硝痠鹽型甲烷厭氧氧化( nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, N-DAMO)是新近髮現的生物反應,是偶聯碳氮循環的關鍵環節,是環境領域和微生物領域的重大髮現. N-DAMO的髮現對于完善碳氮生物地毬化學循環、豐富微生物學內容和研髮新型生物脫氮除碳工藝均具有巨大的推動作用.催化N-DAMO反應的微生物為Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera ( M. oxyfera),其隸屬于一新髮現的細菌門———NC10門.近年來,M. oxyfera的生物學研究取得瞭許多突破性進展,如初步探明瞭其箇體形態特徵、細胞化學組分特徵、富集培養特徵、生理生化特徵及生態學特徵,最突齣的例子包括髮現瞭M. oxyfera獨特的細胞(星狀)形態及特殊的脂肪痠(10MeC16：1△7)組分等.最近,N-DAMO的機製研究方麵也有瞭突破性進展：髮現瞭地毬上第4種生物產氧途徑.目前認為,M. oxyfera具有內產氧功能,其首先將NO2-還原為NO,然後將2分子NO進行歧化反應生成N2和O2,最後利用生成的O2對甲烷進行氧化.本文繫統地介紹瞭M. oxyfera各方麵的微生物特性.
아초산염형갑완염양양화( nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, N-DAMO)시신근발현적생물반응,시우련탄담순배적관건배절,시배경영역화미생물영역적중대발현. N-DAMO적발현대우완선탄담생물지구화학순배、봉부미생물학내용화연발신형생물탈담제탄공예균구유거대적추동작용.최화N-DAMO반응적미생물위Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera ( M. oxyfera),기대속우일신발현적세균문———NC10문.근년래,M. oxyfera적생물학연구취득료허다돌파성진전,여초보탐명료기개체형태특정、세포화학조분특정、부집배양특정、생리생화특정급생태학특정,최돌출적례자포괄발현료M. oxyfera독특적세포(성상)형태급특수적지방산(10MeC16：1△7)조분등.최근,N-DAMO적궤제연구방면야유료돌파성진전：발현료지구상제4충생물산양도경.목전인위,M. oxyfera구유내산양공능,기수선장NO2-환원위NO,연후장2분자NO진행기화반응생성N2화O2,최후이용생성적O2대갑완진행양화.본문계통지개소료M. oxyfera각방면적미생물특성.
Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation ( N-DAMO ) is a recently discovered process that constitutes a unique association between the two major global elements essential for life, carbon and nitrogen. This process is one of the most important discoveries in the fields of environmental science and microbiology. The discovery of N-DAMO process supplements biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in nature, extends microbial diversity and urges development of novel simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal process. The N-DAMO process is mediated by the bacterium “Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera” (M. oxyfera), which belongs to the candidate phylum NC10. Currently, a series of breakthroughs have been made in the research of M. oxyfera. The properties of M. oxyfera morphology, chemical composition, enrichment culture, physiology and biochemistry, and ecology have been revealed. Most importantly, the special ultrastructure (star-like) of the cell shape and unique chemical composition (10MeC16:1△7) of M. oxyfera have been revealed. In addition, a new intra-aerobic metabolism ( the fourth biological pathway to produce oxygen) was discovered in M. oxyfera. It was observed that M. oxyfera bypassed the denitrification intermediate nitrous oxide by the conversion of two nitric oxide molecules to dinitrogen gas and oxygen, which was then used to oxidise methane. The present review summarises various aspects of microbiological properties of M. oxyfera.
