CAJ | 학술논문

人体组织样本库在转化医学研究设计及新技术（“组学”）的应用方面发挥着越来越重要的关键性作用，以期发现疾病的分子机制，并将新的生物标志物应用于临床试验。尽管病理学家的首要任务是进行临床病理诊断，但他们在样本库的运行中同样起到关键的、同时又容易被忽视的作用。除在整个生物样本操作周期中需要兼顾临床病理诊断及选取最佳生物样本外，病理学家还要为研究提供生物样本特征性信息、进行质量控制、协助研究资源的合理分配，以及对样本使用的研究者进行相关知识的培训等技术性服务。本文对这些关键的原则问题及一系列针对生物样本的肉眼评估及入库判断的大体病理操作规范进行探讨，这些操作规范体现了病理学家对于生物样本库建设至关重要的作用。总之，病理学家可协助样本使用者正确理解生物样本的性质（包括生物样本的形态学特征及使用局限性等），使生物样本的使用达到科学最大化。我们相信这些原则的实施将会更加便于病理学家和生物样本库管理者之间的协作，提高研究者对不可再生的生物样本资源的利用价值，同时优化临床病理程序中生物样本采集的规范化操作。
인체조직양본고재전화의학연구설계급신기술（“조학”）적응용방면발휘착월래월중요적관건성작용，이기발현질병적분자궤제，병장신적생물표지물응용우림상시험。진관병이학가적수요임무시진행림상병리진단，단타문재양본고적운행중동양기도관건적、동시우용역피홀시적작용。제재정개생물양본조작주기중수요겸고림상병리진단급선취최가생물양본외，병이학가환요위연구제공생물양본특정성신식、진행질량공제、협조연구자원적합리분배，이급대양본사용적연구자진행상관지식적배훈등기술성복무。본문대저사관건적원칙문제급일계렬침대생물양본적육안평고급입고판단적대체병리조작규범진행탐토，저사조작규범체현료병이학가대우생물양본고건설지관중요적작용。총지，병이학가가협조양본사용자정학리해생물양본적성질（포괄생물양본적형태학특정급사용국한성등），사생물양본적사용체도과학최대화。아문상신저사원칙적실시장회경가편우병이학가화생물양본고관리자지간적협작，제고연구자대불가재생적생물양본자원적이용개치，동시우화림상병리정서중생물양본채집적규범화조작。
Human tissue biobanks have an increasingly important role in transforming medical study designs and is critical for application of a wide range of new technologies(-”omics”)to the discovery of molecular patterns of disease and for imple-mentation of novel biomarkers into clinical trials.Although pathologists has patient care as their primary mission in their nor-mal practice of pathology,they do play a vital but often underrecognized role in the operation of these tissue banks.Besides making sure that the timing of all operations is consistent with both the requirements of clinical diagnosis and the optimal pres-ervation of biological products,pathologists are needed to characterize tissues for research,to conduct quality assurance pro-grams,to assist with resource allocation decisions,and to serve an educational role for investigators using the tissues.This article describes these key principles and a set of practice gross pathology guidelines focused on the decision for tissue banking at the time specimens are macroscopically evaluated,where pathologist involvement is crucial to biobank management.In conclu-sion,pathologists play a critical role in helping biobank users understand the principles of specimen evaluation(histologic and structural composition of tissues,and their limitations)so as to optimize the scientific benefit of the tissues.We believe that ap-preciation of these principles will facilitate the partnership between surgical pathologists and biobank directors,enhance the val-ue of research on non renewable resources of biological samples,and at the same time,optimize the operational standardiza-tion of biological sample collection procedures in clinical pathology.