CAJ | 학술논문

实验采用双任务切换范式，考察熟练粤-普双言被试在简单情境和混合情境下任务切换和语码切换的代价模式。实验1在语音相似条件下，考察了粤-普双言者语码切换代价与任务切换代价；实验2在语音不相似条件下，探讨粤-普双言者语码切换代价与任务切换代价。结果发现，不同语音条件下，熟练粤语-普通话双言者出现对称的语码切换代价，切换过程受到语音相似性的影响，但是语码切换代价却没有受到影响，支持了特定语言选择假设。无论在何种语音条件下，任务切换代价模式和语码切换代价模式都是一致的，出现对称的切换代价，但两种切换代价相关不显著。从定性和定量结果来看，双言认知控制机制与一般认知控制机制有密切关系，但双言认知控制机制不完全附属于一般认知控制机制，双言认知控制机制可能存在一部分加工独立于一般认知控制。
실험채용쌍임무절환범식，고찰숙련월-보쌍언피시재간단정경화혼합정경하임무절환화어마절환적대개모식。실험1재어음상사조건하，고찰료월-보쌍언자어마절환대개여임무절환대개；실험2재어음불상사조건하，탐토월-보쌍언자어마절환대개여임무절환대개。결과발현，불동어음조건하，숙련월어-보통화쌍언자출현대칭적어마절환대개，절환과정수도어음상사성적영향，단시어마절환대개각몰유수도영향，지지료특정어언선택가설。무론재하충어음조건하，임무절환대개모식화어마절환대개모식도시일치적，출현대칭적절환대개，단량충절환대개상관불현저。종정성화정량결과래간，쌍언인지공제궤제여일반인지공제궤제유밀절관계，단쌍언인지공제궤제불완전부속우일반인지공제궤제，쌍언인지공제궤제가능존재일부분가공독립우일반인지공제。
Recent studies have been focused on the relationship between bilingual cognitive control in language switching and general cognitive control in task-switching. So far, however, evidences for whether the two mechanisms are same or not are still controversial. Among which, two major arguments have been achieved: (1) bilingual cognitive control works out as a set of processes which are fully subsidiary to the general cognitive control mechanism; (2) the bilingual cognitive control in language-switching is compulsory independent from general cognitive control in task-switching. To investigate the bilingual cognitive control mechanism of highly proficient Cantonese-Mandarin speakers and its relationship with the general cognitive control in task-switching, a dual-task switching paradigm was conducted in two experiments, including letters-digital classification task and picture naming task in simple and mixed contexts. Besides, phonological similarity of Cantonese and Mandarin were specifically controlled in the two experiments to ascertain sources of the switch cost in bilingual performance. 24 undergraduates who are highly proficient Cantonese-Mandarin speakers participated in the two experiments. They were asked to classify letters or digits in Cantonese in letters-digital classification task and name the picture in Mandarin or Cantonese according to which half of the screen the stimuli would appear. Specifically, pictures in experiment 1 shared high phonological similarity between Cantonese and Mandarin; while pictures in experiment 2 shared low phonological similarity. All the participants were tested individually on computers during the whole experiment. Reaction time and error rates were analyzed by subject and item variance. In Experiment 1, the data showed that the reaction time was shorter and the error rates were lower in non-switch condition in both tasks. Participants showed a symmetric code switching cost in picture naming task and symmetric task switching cost in letters-digital classification task, but no significant correlations was found between switch costs in linguistic and non-linguistic switching tasks. In Experiment 2, the data revealed a typical language switching cost as well as same pattern of the switch costs in the linguistic and non-linguistic switching. Besides, no significantly correlation was found in switch costs of the two tasks. Under different phonological conditions, high proficient Mandarin-Cantonese bilingual showed a symmetric code switching cost in picture naming task, with shorter reaction time in high phonological similarity than low phonological similarity. This indicated that switching process might be modulated by the phonological similarity, however code-switching cost is not affected. No matter what phonological conditions were, they showed symmetric task switching cost, which suggested that the pattern of task switch cost might be similar or same to that of code switch cost. The data of the two experiments suggested that the patterns of the switch costs in the linguistic and non-linguistic switching tasks appeared to be similar or same, though switch costs of the two tasks were not significantly correlated. Based on the qualitative and quantitative results, the study indicated that language cognitive control mechanisms of high proficient Mandarin-Cantonese bilingual are closely related, yet not completely subsidiary to the general cognitive control mechanism. Meanwhile, as evidences revealed that phonological similarity did not exert any significant effect on the language switching cost, the study supposed that the switching cost might not come from the word-recognition system itself.