中国农业科学
中國農業科學
중국농업과학
SCIENTIA AGRICULTURA SINICA
2015年
8期
1492-1505
,共14页
蔡一霞%李洋%朱海涛%蔡昆争%黄飞%王维
蔡一霞%李洋%硃海濤%蔡昆爭%黃飛%王維
채일하%리양%주해도%채곤쟁%황비%왕유
水稻%水分亏缺%产量%物质运转%籽粒充实
水稻%水分虧缺%產量%物質運轉%籽粒充實
수도%수분우결%산량%물질운전%자립충실
rice (Oryza sativa)%water deficit%yield%translocation of dry matter%grain filling
【目的】探明抗旱性不同的单片段代换系（single segment substitution line，SSSL）水稻与其受体亲本在灌浆期亏缺灌溉条件下茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的降解、运转及籽粒充实过程中相关酶活性的变化。【方法】以介入巴西陆稻IAPAR9抗性基因片段的单片段代换系W27-3-5-2-4-3-3-5-7和受体亲本华粳籼74为材料，利用水平分根系统在水稻花后7 d设置全根水层（两个分隔室内均保持浅水层，W/W）、半根水分亏缺（一个分隔室内保持浅水层，另一个分隔室内土壤水分控制在-30—-40 kPa，W/D）、全根水分亏缺（两个分隔室内土壤水分均控制在-30—-40 kPa，D/D）3种土壤水分处理，研究花后7 d不同土壤水分亏缺对抗旱性不同的单片段代换系及其受体亲本的产量和构成的影响。【结果】与W/W相比，D/D处理下茎鞘和籽粒内源ABA含量显著增加，灌浆中后期水稻剑叶的相对含水量、SPAD值及光合速率明显降低，水稻茎鞘中α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性有所增加，但是其蔗糖合酶（sucrose synthase，SS）的活性却显著降低。D/D处理下籽粒SS、酸性蔗糖转化酶（acid invertase，AINV）、可溶性淀粉合酶（soluble starch synthase，SSS）和Q酶活性在灌浆前中期也明显降低。然而，W/D处理下茎鞘和籽粒内源ABA有所增加，但与W/W差异不显著。W/D处理对水稻剑叶的相对含水量、SPAD值、光合速率无显著影响，但对灌浆前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性却有显著影响，使得灌浆前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性显著上升。分析灌浆期亏缺灌溉下单片段代换系与受体亲本间差异，发现亏缺灌溉下代换系的茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的运转率明显地高于华粳籼74，其籽粒灌浆充实过程中相关酶的活性、物质的动态变化及内源ABA含量等对水分亏缺响应较华粳籼74敏感，其产量在两种亏缺灌溉处理下降低不明显，表现出较强的抗旱性。【结论】灌浆期适度土壤水分亏缺可提高稻株各器官ABA含量，利于茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物的降解和输出，但对灌浆期功能叶的光合同化物的生产与积累无显著影响，因此产量在适度水分亏缺条件下不会显著降低。
【目的】探明抗旱性不同的單片段代換繫（single segment substitution line，SSSL）水稻與其受體親本在灌漿期虧缺灌溉條件下莖鞘非結構性碳水化閤物的降解、運轉及籽粒充實過程中相關酶活性的變化。【方法】以介入巴西陸稻IAPAR9抗性基因片段的單片段代換繫W27-3-5-2-4-3-3-5-7和受體親本華粳秈74為材料，利用水平分根繫統在水稻花後7 d設置全根水層（兩箇分隔室內均保持淺水層，W/W）、半根水分虧缺（一箇分隔室內保持淺水層，另一箇分隔室內土壤水分控製在-30—-40 kPa，W/D）、全根水分虧缺（兩箇分隔室內土壤水分均控製在-30—-40 kPa，D/D）3種土壤水分處理，研究花後7 d不同土壤水分虧缺對抗旱性不同的單片段代換繫及其受體親本的產量和構成的影響。【結果】與W/W相比，D/D處理下莖鞘和籽粒內源ABA含量顯著增加，灌漿中後期水稻劍葉的相對含水量、SPAD值及光閤速率明顯降低，水稻莖鞘中α-澱粉酶、β-澱粉酶活性有所增加，但是其蔗糖閤酶（sucrose synthase，SS）的活性卻顯著降低。D/D處理下籽粒SS、痠性蔗糖轉化酶（acid invertase，AINV）、可溶性澱粉閤酶（soluble starch synthase，SSS）和Q酶活性在灌漿前中期也明顯降低。然而，W/D處理下莖鞘和籽粒內源ABA有所增加，但與W/W差異不顯著。W/D處理對水稻劍葉的相對含水量、SPAD值、光閤速率無顯著影響，但對灌漿前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性卻有顯著影響，使得灌漿前中期籽粒SS、AINV、SSS和Q酶活性顯著上升。分析灌漿期虧缺灌溉下單片段代換繫與受體親本間差異，髮現虧缺灌溉下代換繫的莖鞘非結構性碳水化閤物的運轉率明顯地高于華粳秈74，其籽粒灌漿充實過程中相關酶的活性、物質的動態變化及內源ABA含量等對水分虧缺響應較華粳秈74敏感，其產量在兩種虧缺灌溉處理下降低不明顯，錶現齣較彊的抗旱性。【結論】灌漿期適度土壤水分虧缺可提高稻株各器官ABA含量，利于莖鞘非結構性碳水化閤物的降解和輸齣，但對灌漿期功能葉的光閤同化物的生產與積纍無顯著影響，因此產量在適度水分虧缺條件下不會顯著降低。
【목적】탐명항한성불동적단편단대환계（single segment substitution line，SSSL）수도여기수체친본재관장기우결관개조건하경초비결구성탄수화합물적강해、운전급자립충실과정중상관매활성적변화。【방법】이개입파서륙도IAPAR9항성기인편단적단편단대환계W27-3-5-2-4-3-3-5-7화수체친본화갱선74위재료，이용수평분근계통재수도화후7 d설치전근수층（량개분격실내균보지천수층，W/W）、반근수분우결（일개분격실내보지천수층，령일개분격실내토양수분공제재-30—-40 kPa，W/D）、전근수분우결（량개분격실내토양수분균공제재-30—-40 kPa，D/D）3충토양수분처리，연구화후7 d불동토양수분우결대항한성불동적단편단대환계급기수체친본적산량화구성적영향。【결과】여W/W상비，D/D처리하경초화자립내원ABA함량현저증가，관장중후기수도검협적상대함수량、SPAD치급광합속솔명현강저，수도경초중α-정분매、β-정분매활성유소증가，단시기자당합매（sucrose synthase，SS）적활성각현저강저。D/D처리하자립SS、산성자당전화매（acid invertase，AINV）、가용성정분합매（soluble starch synthase，SSS）화Q매활성재관장전중기야명현강저。연이，W/D처리하경초화자립내원ABA유소증가，단여W/W차이불현저。W/D처리대수도검협적상대함수량、SPAD치、광합속솔무현저영향，단대관장전중기자립SS、AINV、SSS화Q매활성각유현저영향，사득관장전중기자립SS、AINV、SSS화Q매활성현저상승。분석관장기우결관개하단편단대환계여수체친본간차이，발현우결관개하대환계적경초비결구성탄수화합물적운전솔명현지고우화갱선74，기자립관장충실과정중상관매적활성、물질적동태변화급내원ABA함량등대수분우결향응교화갱선74민감，기산량재량충우결관개처리하강저불명현，표현출교강적항한성。【결론】관장기괄도토양수분우결가제고도주각기관ABA함량，리우경초비결구성탄수화합물적강해화수출，단대관장기공능협적광합동화물적생산여적루무현저영향，인차산량재괄도수분우결조건하불회현저강저。
[Objective]This paper aimed to understand the characteristics of the translocation of dry matter stored in stems and grain filling in the single segment substitution line (SSSL) and its receptor parent with different drought resistances under water-deficit irrigation during filling period.[Method]The SSSL W27-3-5-2-4-3-3-5-7 that carries single segment genes encoding drought resistance of Brazilian upland rice IAPAR9 and its receptor parent Huajingxian74 were used as materials and grown in split-root system. Three soil water treatments, all roots well-watered (the two halves of the trunk were irrigated well water, W/W), half-root subjected to water deficit (one half of the trunk was irrigated with well water and the other was suffered from-30kPa—-40kPa of water deficit, W/D) and all roots subjected to water deficit (two halves of the trunk were suffered from-30kPa—-40kPa of water deficit, D/D), were imposed from 7th day after anthesis to mature period. The influences of different water deficits on the yield and its components of the SSSL and its receptor parent were studied, and the changes of ABA contents in stems and grains of rice were analyzed. So the effects of deficit irrigation on the catabolism and translocation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in stem and sheath and the activities of key enzymes involved the grain filling were illuminated in this paper.[Result]Compared with W/W treatment, the increases of ABA contents in stems and grains of D/D treatment were found obviously. The relative water content, SPAD values and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of D/D treatment were all decreased significantly during mid-late filling period. In D/D treatment, the activities ofα,βstarch enzymes in stem and sheath increased obviously, while the activity of sucrose synthase decreased. However, the activities of sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase (AINV), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and Q enzymes in grains of D/D treatment decreased remarkably during early and mid filling period. Furthermore, the contents of ABA in stems and grain of W/D treatment increased, but no significant difference between W/W and W/D was found, and the similar results were gained for the relative water content, SPAD values and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves. But the activities of SS, AINV, SSS and Q enzymes in grains of W/D treatment increased remarkably during early and mid filling period. The differences between the SSSL and its receptor parent under the deficit irrigation condition during grain filling were found obviously. The remobilized rates of NSC in stem and sheath of the SSSL were higher than those of the Huajingxian74, and the activities of enzymes, dynamic changes of matters and endogenous ABA content of SSSL involved in the metabolisms of stems and grains were responded to water deficit more sensitively than those of Huajingxian74. And so there was no clearly decrease in the yield of the SSSL under two deficit irrigation treatments. The SSSL under deficit irrigation condition showed a strong drought resistance. [Conclusion] The moderate soil water-deficit could favor the increase of the ABA content in all organs of rice, avail the degradation and remobilization of NSC in stems and sheath, while the production and accumulation of photoassimilates of functional leaf during filling stage were not influenced significantly by water deficit, and the yield of rice would be decreased insignificantly under moderate water-deficit condition.
