中国农业科学
中國農業科學
중국농업과학
SCIENTIA AGRICULTURA SINICA
2015年
8期
1538-1547
,共10页
赵曼%田体伟%李为争%罗梅浩%郭线茹%闫凤鸣
趙曼%田體偉%李為爭%囉梅浩%郭線茹%閆鳳鳴
조만%전체위%리위쟁%라매호%곽선여%염봉명
玉米蚜%玉米%取食行为%刺吸电位技术%抗性机制
玉米蚜%玉米%取食行為%刺吸電位技術%抗性機製
옥미아%옥미%취식행위%자흡전위기술%항성궤제
Rhopalosiphum maidis%maize%feeding behavior%electrical penetration graph (EPG)%resistance mechanism
【目的】明确玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)在8个玉米品种(系)上的取食行为,筛选出合适的刺吸电位(EPG)参数作为对不同玉米品种(系)进行抗蚜性分类的指标,为抗性玉米材料的筛选提供借鉴。【方法】利用直流型刺吸电位仪(DC-EPG Giga-4)记录玉米蚜在8个玉米品种(系)上的取食行为并进行比较分析,8个品种(系)分别为浚单20、郑单958、良玉88、先玉335、濮改340-1-1、旱21、87-1和齐319;以不同EPG参数为指标,对供试玉米品种(系)的抗蚜性进行分类,并与田间抗蚜性鉴定结果进行比较,之后选择合适的EPG参数,建议其可作为利用EPG技术筛选抗蚜性玉米材料的指标。【结果】玉米蚜在玉米上的EPG波形主要有Np、C、Pd、E1、E2和F波,其中Np、F、E1和E2波与玉米品种(系)的抗蚜性有关。到达韧皮部前:玉米蚜在抗性材料浚单20上的第1次刺探持续时间明显长于感性材料齐319,可能在浚单20叶片表皮上存有阻碍玉米蚜取食的因子;此外,玉米蚜在抗性材料浚单20、郑单958和良玉88上取食时,其F波总时间及平均持续时间显著长于或长于其他玉米品种(系),说明玉米蚜取食这3个玉米品种时,其口针遇到的机械阻力较大。到达韧皮部后:玉米蚜在抗性材料浚单20和郑单958这两个玉米品种上的第1次E1波出现时间晚,持续时间长,表明这两个品种在韧皮部层次上对玉米蚜的抗性水平较其他玉米品种(系)高;玉米蚜在感性材料齐319和旱21上的E2波总时间及持续吸食时间相对较高,显著大于良玉88,说明玉米蚜喜好取食感性材料齐319和旱21的韧皮部汁液。此外,以各取食波形平均持续时间为指标对各玉米品种(系)进行聚类分析,可把供试玉米品种(系)划分为3类,其抗性强弱为:第Ⅰ类(浚单20、郑单958和良玉88)>第Ⅲ类(濮改340-1-1、旱21和87-1)>第Ⅱ类(先玉335和齐319)。【结论】玉米蚜在不同玉米品种(系)上的取食行为有一定差异,高抗玉米品种浚单20和郑单958在叶片表面和韧皮部层次上对玉米蚜存有一定的抗性。以E和Np波平均持续时间为指标,对各玉米品种(系)抗蚜性进行排序,其结果与笔者课题组前期田间调查结果基本一致。因此,在利用EPG技术筛选抗蚜性玉米材料时,建议以E和Np波作为评价抗性强弱的指标。
【目的】明確玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)在8箇玉米品種(繫)上的取食行為,篩選齣閤適的刺吸電位(EPG)參數作為對不同玉米品種(繫)進行抗蚜性分類的指標,為抗性玉米材料的篩選提供藉鑒。【方法】利用直流型刺吸電位儀(DC-EPG Giga-4)記錄玉米蚜在8箇玉米品種(繫)上的取食行為併進行比較分析,8箇品種(繫)分彆為浚單20、鄭單958、良玉88、先玉335、濮改340-1-1、旱21、87-1和齊319;以不同EPG參數為指標,對供試玉米品種(繫)的抗蚜性進行分類,併與田間抗蚜性鑒定結果進行比較,之後選擇閤適的EPG參數,建議其可作為利用EPG技術篩選抗蚜性玉米材料的指標。【結果】玉米蚜在玉米上的EPG波形主要有Np、C、Pd、E1、E2和F波,其中Np、F、E1和E2波與玉米品種(繫)的抗蚜性有關。到達韌皮部前:玉米蚜在抗性材料浚單20上的第1次刺探持續時間明顯長于感性材料齊319,可能在浚單20葉片錶皮上存有阻礙玉米蚜取食的因子;此外,玉米蚜在抗性材料浚單20、鄭單958和良玉88上取食時,其F波總時間及平均持續時間顯著長于或長于其他玉米品種(繫),說明玉米蚜取食這3箇玉米品種時,其口針遇到的機械阻力較大。到達韌皮部後:玉米蚜在抗性材料浚單20和鄭單958這兩箇玉米品種上的第1次E1波齣現時間晚,持續時間長,錶明這兩箇品種在韌皮部層次上對玉米蚜的抗性水平較其他玉米品種(繫)高;玉米蚜在感性材料齊319和旱21上的E2波總時間及持續吸食時間相對較高,顯著大于良玉88,說明玉米蚜喜好取食感性材料齊319和旱21的韌皮部汁液。此外,以各取食波形平均持續時間為指標對各玉米品種(繫)進行聚類分析,可把供試玉米品種(繫)劃分為3類,其抗性彊弱為:第Ⅰ類(浚單20、鄭單958和良玉88)>第Ⅲ類(濮改340-1-1、旱21和87-1)>第Ⅱ類(先玉335和齊319)。【結論】玉米蚜在不同玉米品種(繫)上的取食行為有一定差異,高抗玉米品種浚單20和鄭單958在葉片錶麵和韌皮部層次上對玉米蚜存有一定的抗性。以E和Np波平均持續時間為指標,對各玉米品種(繫)抗蚜性進行排序,其結果與筆者課題組前期田間調查結果基本一緻。因此,在利用EPG技術篩選抗蚜性玉米材料時,建議以E和Np波作為評價抗性彊弱的指標。
【목적】명학옥미아(Rhopalosiphum maidis)재8개옥미품충(계)상적취식행위,사선출합괄적자흡전위(EPG)삼수작위대불동옥미품충(계)진행항아성분류적지표,위항성옥미재료적사선제공차감。【방법】이용직류형자흡전위의(DC-EPG Giga-4)기록옥미아재8개옥미품충(계)상적취식행위병진행비교분석,8개품충(계)분별위준단20、정단958、량옥88、선옥335、복개340-1-1、한21、87-1화제319;이불동EPG삼수위지표,대공시옥미품충(계)적항아성진행분류,병여전간항아성감정결과진행비교,지후선택합괄적EPG삼수,건의기가작위이용EPG기술사선항아성옥미재료적지표。【결과】옥미아재옥미상적EPG파형주요유Np、C、Pd、E1、E2화F파,기중Np、F、E1화E2파여옥미품충(계)적항아성유관。도체인피부전:옥미아재항성재료준단20상적제1차자탐지속시간명현장우감성재료제319,가능재준단20협편표피상존유조애옥미아취식적인자;차외,옥미아재항성재료준단20、정단958화량옥88상취식시,기F파총시간급평균지속시간현저장우혹장우기타옥미품충(계),설명옥미아취식저3개옥미품충시,기구침우도적궤계조력교대。도체인피부후:옥미아재항성재료준단20화정단958저량개옥미품충상적제1차E1파출현시간만,지속시간장,표명저량개품충재인피부층차상대옥미아적항성수평교기타옥미품충(계)고;옥미아재감성재료제319화한21상적E2파총시간급지속흡식시간상대교고,현저대우량옥88,설명옥미아희호취식감성재료제319화한21적인피부즙액。차외,이각취식파형평균지속시간위지표대각옥미품충(계)진행취류분석,가파공시옥미품충(계)화분위3류,기항성강약위:제Ⅰ류(준단20、정단958화량옥88)>제Ⅲ류(복개340-1-1、한21화87-1)>제Ⅱ류(선옥335화제319)。【결론】옥미아재불동옥미품충(계)상적취식행위유일정차이,고항옥미품충준단20화정단958재협편표면화인피부층차상대옥미아존유일정적항성。이E화Np파평균지속시간위지표,대각옥미품충(계)항아성진행배서,기결과여필자과제조전기전간조사결과기본일치。인차,재이용EPG기술사선항아성옥미재료시,건의이E화Np파작위평개항성강약적지표。
[Objective]The objective of this study is to clarify the probing and feeding behaviors of maize aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) on eight maize hybrids (inbreds), and then select some proper electrical penetration graph (EPG) parameters as the indicators to classify the resistant levels of different maize hybrids (inbreds). Finally, the research will provide suggestion for the classification of maize’s resistant levels. [Method] The feeding behaviors of R. maidis on Xundan 20, Zhengdan 958, Liangyu 88, Xianyu 335, Han 21, 87-1, Pugai 340-1-1 and Qi 319 were observed, respectively, by using EPG technique and then compared and analyzed. The resistant levels of 8 maize hybrids (inbreds) were classified by using various EPG parameters, and the results were compared with the consequence which obtained in the maize field previously. Then the suitable EPG parameters were suggested to be used as parameters for screening the resistant maize hybrids (inbreds). [Result] The main EPG waveforms of R. maidis on maize hybrids (inbreds) were Np, C, Pd, E1, E2 and F, and the waveforms Np, E1, E2 and F were related with the maize’s resistant level. Before reaching the phloem, the total time and mean time of waveforms Np and F of R. maidis probing on Xundan 20, Zhengdan 958 and Liangyu 88 were significantly longer than those on other maize hybrids (inbreds). After reaching the phloem, the durable time of waveform E1 of R. maidis on Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958 were longer, although the stylets of the aphids reached the phloem later. Meanwhile, the total time and durable time of E2 on Qi 319 and Han 21 were much longer when compared with other maize hybrids (inbreds), and they were significantly higher than Liangyu 88. The experimental 8 maize hybrids (inbreds) were categorized into three groups by cluster analysis according to the mean durable time of waveform Np, C, Pd, F and E, and the resistant levels were 1st classification (Xundan 20, Zhengdan 958 and Liangyu 88)>3rd classification (Pugai 340-1-1, Han 21 and 87-1)>2nd classification (Xianyu 335 and Qi 319). [Conclusion] The probing and feeding behaviors of R. maidis on 8 maize hybrids (inbreds) were different. There are some resistant factors in the leaf surface and phloem of these two high resistant maize hybrids Xundan 20 and Zhengdan 958. The resistant levels of all experimental maize hybrids (inbreds) obtained according to the mean durable time of waveform E and Np were approximately consistent with the resistant results of different maize hybrids (inbreds) to the maize leaf aphid obtained by the author’s laboratory in the maize field previously.