CAJ | 학술논문

对高速列车进行线路实测，获得既有线和京津城际铁路上的时域载荷，通过雨流计数法车轴的弯曲应力谱子样。通过对车轴存在缺陷时的等效应力研究表明，对于同样的运行条件和应力谱，车轴表面是否存在缺陷时的等效应力不同。在不同的列车速度下，负载时车轴表面的动应力都大于空载情况。而在同样的线路条件下，速度对等效应力的影响不大。等效应力幅在不同的线路差别稍大，既有线等效应力幅比京津城际铁路上的值要高。计算得到车轴表面不同缺陷对应的S-N曲线参数和相应的疲劳极限，结果表明，光滑车轴的等效应力比车轴材料的疲劳极限低很多。当车轴表面有缺陷时，其等效应力大于等于疲劳极限。因此，有必要考虑外部运行环境和车轴表面状况，从而对车轴进行损伤容限设计。
대고속열차진행선로실측，획득기유선화경진성제철로상적시역재하，통과우류계수법차축적만곡응력보자양。통과대차축존재결함시적등효응력연구표명，대우동양적운행조건화응력보，차축표면시부존재결함시적등효응력불동。재불동적열차속도하，부재시차축표면적동응력도대우공재정황。이재동양적선로조건하，속도대등효응력적영향불대。등효응력폭재불동적선로차별초대，기유선등효응력폭비경진성제철로상적치요고。계산득도차축표면불동결함대응적S-N곡선삼수화상응적피로겁한，결과표명，광활차축적등효응력비차축재료적피로겁한저흔다。당차축표면유결함시，기등효응력대우등우피로겁한。인차，유필요고필외부운행배경화차축표면상황，종이대차축진행손상용한설계。
The stress-time test of high-speed traln axles is done along the rebuilt rallway line and Jingjin intercity rallway line. The stress spectrum sample under bending load is got on the basis of stress-time data of hollow axles using the raln-flow cyclic counter method. The equivalent stress of the stress spectrum is researched when there are notches on axles. It is shown that the equivalent stresses of smooth and notched axles are different for the same stress spectrum. Under different speeds the dynamic stress of heavy vehicle axle is bigger than empty one. The equivalent stresses under different speeds change slightly for a kind of rall. On the contrary, for different kinds of ralls the equivalent stressed change largely, that is to say, the equivalent stress amplitude along the rebuilt rallway is higher obviously than Jingjin intercity rallway. The S-N curve parameters with different notches and the corresponding fatigue limits were calculated. If there is no notches on the axle the equivalent stress is lower the fatigue limit of smooth axle material. But the equivalent stress of notched axles trends to exceed the relevant fatigue limit. So in view of damage tolerance design the traln’s running environment and axles’ surface status should be considered in the axles fatigue strength design.