中国农业科学
中國農業科學
중국농업과학
SCIENTIA AGRICULTURA SINICA
2015年
7期
1339-1347
,共9页
卢少华%李静静%刘明杨%白润娥%汤清波%闫凤鸣
盧少華%李靜靜%劉明楊%白潤娥%湯清波%閆鳳鳴
로소화%리정정%류명양%백윤아%탕청파%염봉명
烟粉虱%B 生物型%Q 生物型%竞争力%刺吸电位技术(EPG)%寄主适应性
煙粉虱%B 生物型%Q 生物型%競爭力%刺吸電位技術(EPG)%寄主適應性
연분슬%B 생물형%Q 생물형%경쟁력%자흡전위기술(EPG)%기주괄응성
Bemisia tabaci%B biotype%Q biotype%competitiveness%electrical penetration graph (EPG)%host adaptation
【目的】烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）B 型和 Q 型均为外来入侵种类。近年田间调查表明，Q 型在中国大部分地区已经取代 B 型成为优势种，有必要研究烟粉虱生物型之间的取代机制及其影响因素。论文在实验室条件下比较这两种生物型的取食能力及竞争能力，以期为烟粉虱有效治理提供依据。【方法】利用刺吸电位（electrical penetration graph，EPG）技术测定烟粉虱 B 型和 Q 型雌、雄成虫在黄瓜叶片上的取食行为，并在室内黄瓜上混合饲养两种烟粉虱生物型，多代监测其种群动态和雌雄比例，以比较其在室内无农药压力条件下的竞争力。【结果】 EPG 结果显示，（i）总体上，烟粉虱 B 型的总刺探次数（P=0.020）和刺探的总持续时间（P=0.048）显著高于 Q 型；在第2阶段 B 型 E 波时间百分比显著低于 Q 型（P=0.001），刺探时间百分比差异不显著；B 型Pd 波总次数（P=0.012）和 Pd 波总持续时间（P=0.016）均显著高于 Q 型；（ii）烟粉虱 B 型雌性非刺探波 Np的时间百分比显著低于雄性（P=0.035）；而第2阶段刺探时间的百分比显著大于雄性（P=0.011），与唾液分泌相关的第2阶段 E 波百分比却显著短于雄性（P＜0.001）；但 B 型雌、雄性成虫在第3阶段吸食韧皮部汁液的时间则差异不显著（P＞0.05）。Q 型雌性不仅在第2阶段刺探的百分比显著高于雄性（P=0.031），而且在整个记录时间内的总持续时间也显著高于雄性（P=0.039），而雌性的非刺探时间 Np 波却显著短于雄性（P=0.038）；（iii）对于雌性，烟粉虱 B 型被动吸食植物汁液的 E2＞10 min 的个数显著多于 Q 型（P=0.036）；但是，烟粉虱 Q 型雌性第2阶段 E 波百分比显著高于 B 型雌性（P＜0.001）。两种生物型混合饲养结果显示，随烟粉虱世代增加，B型和 Q 型所占比例逐步出现分化。第1代时，B 型种群数量在混合种群中所占比例已接近80%；而第5代和第6代时，B 型所占比例已达到98%，Q 型近乎完全被 B 型取代。同种生物型烟粉虱两性间的比例变化趋势一致，且同种生物型烟粉虱雌性所占比例均略高于其雄性。【结论】室内 EPG 记录和多代混养种群动态结果都表明，在室内没有农药压力的环境下，烟粉虱 B 型在黄瓜上的取食能力和种群竞争能力均高于 Q 型，而且两种生物型雌性的取食和竞争能力均高于雄性。
【目的】煙粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）B 型和 Q 型均為外來入侵種類。近年田間調查錶明，Q 型在中國大部分地區已經取代 B 型成為優勢種，有必要研究煙粉虱生物型之間的取代機製及其影響因素。論文在實驗室條件下比較這兩種生物型的取食能力及競爭能力，以期為煙粉虱有效治理提供依據。【方法】利用刺吸電位（electrical penetration graph，EPG）技術測定煙粉虱 B 型和 Q 型雌、雄成蟲在黃瓜葉片上的取食行為，併在室內黃瓜上混閤飼養兩種煙粉虱生物型，多代鑑測其種群動態和雌雄比例，以比較其在室內無農藥壓力條件下的競爭力。【結果】 EPG 結果顯示，（i）總體上，煙粉虱 B 型的總刺探次數（P=0.020）和刺探的總持續時間（P=0.048）顯著高于 Q 型；在第2階段 B 型 E 波時間百分比顯著低于 Q 型（P=0.001），刺探時間百分比差異不顯著；B 型Pd 波總次數（P=0.012）和 Pd 波總持續時間（P=0.016）均顯著高于 Q 型；（ii）煙粉虱 B 型雌性非刺探波 Np的時間百分比顯著低于雄性（P=0.035）；而第2階段刺探時間的百分比顯著大于雄性（P=0.011），與唾液分泌相關的第2階段 E 波百分比卻顯著短于雄性（P＜0.001）；但 B 型雌、雄性成蟲在第3階段吸食韌皮部汁液的時間則差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。Q 型雌性不僅在第2階段刺探的百分比顯著高于雄性（P=0.031），而且在整箇記錄時間內的總持續時間也顯著高于雄性（P=0.039），而雌性的非刺探時間 Np 波卻顯著短于雄性（P=0.038）；（iii）對于雌性，煙粉虱 B 型被動吸食植物汁液的 E2＞10 min 的箇數顯著多于 Q 型（P=0.036）；但是，煙粉虱 Q 型雌性第2階段 E 波百分比顯著高于 B 型雌性（P＜0.001）。兩種生物型混閤飼養結果顯示，隨煙粉虱世代增加，B型和 Q 型所佔比例逐步齣現分化。第1代時，B 型種群數量在混閤種群中所佔比例已接近80%；而第5代和第6代時，B 型所佔比例已達到98%，Q 型近乎完全被 B 型取代。同種生物型煙粉虱兩性間的比例變化趨勢一緻，且同種生物型煙粉虱雌性所佔比例均略高于其雄性。【結論】室內 EPG 記錄和多代混養種群動態結果都錶明，在室內沒有農藥壓力的環境下，煙粉虱 B 型在黃瓜上的取食能力和種群競爭能力均高于 Q 型，而且兩種生物型雌性的取食和競爭能力均高于雄性。
【목적】연분슬（Bemisia tabaci）B 형화 Q 형균위외래입침충류。근년전간조사표명，Q 형재중국대부분지구이경취대 B 형성위우세충，유필요연구연분슬생물형지간적취대궤제급기영향인소。논문재실험실조건하비교저량충생물형적취식능력급경쟁능력，이기위연분슬유효치리제공의거。【방법】이용자흡전위（electrical penetration graph，EPG）기술측정연분슬 B 형화 Q 형자、웅성충재황과협편상적취식행위，병재실내황과상혼합사양량충연분슬생물형，다대감측기충군동태화자웅비례，이비교기재실내무농약압력조건하적경쟁력。【결과】 EPG 결과현시，（i）총체상，연분슬 B 형적총자탐차수（P=0.020）화자탐적총지속시간（P=0.048）현저고우 Q 형；재제2계단 B 형 E 파시간백분비현저저우 Q 형（P=0.001），자탐시간백분비차이불현저；B 형Pd 파총차수（P=0.012）화 Pd 파총지속시간（P=0.016）균현저고우 Q 형；（ii）연분슬 B 형자성비자탐파 Np적시간백분비현저저우웅성（P=0.035）；이제2계단자탐시간적백분비현저대우웅성（P=0.011），여타액분비상관적제2계단 E 파백분비각현저단우웅성（P＜0.001）；단 B 형자、웅성성충재제3계단흡식인피부즙액적시간칙차이불현저（P＞0.05）。Q 형자성불부재제2계단자탐적백분비현저고우웅성（P=0.031），이차재정개기록시간내적총지속시간야현저고우웅성（P=0.039），이자성적비자탐시간 Np 파각현저단우웅성（P=0.038）；（iii）대우자성，연분슬 B 형피동흡식식물즙액적 E2＞10 min 적개수현저다우 Q 형（P=0.036）；단시，연분슬 Q 형자성제2계단 E 파백분비현저고우 B 형자성（P＜0.001）。량충생물형혼합사양결과현시，수연분슬세대증가，B형화 Q 형소점비례축보출현분화。제1대시，B 형충군수량재혼합충군중소점비례이접근80%；이제5대화제6대시，B 형소점비례이체도98%，Q 형근호완전피 B 형취대。동충생물형연분슬량성간적비례변화추세일치，차동충생물형연분슬자성소점비례균략고우기웅성。【결론】실내 EPG 기록화다대혼양충군동태결과도표명，재실내몰유농약압력적배경하，연분슬 B 형재황과상적취식능력화충군경쟁능력균고우 Q 형，이차량충생물형자성적취식화경쟁능력균고우웅성。
[Objective]B and Q biotypes of Bemisia tabaci are two invasive cryptic species in China. The field investigation showed that Q biotype is becoming the dominant replacing B biotype in most areas of China in recent years. It is necessary to research the mechanisms and the influencing factor of the B. tabaci biotype replacement. Differences of feeding behaviors and competitiveness between B and Q biotypes of B. tabaci were compared under laboratory conditions, aiming to provide a basis for effective management of whiteflies. [Method] The stylet probing behaviors of B and Q biotypes of B. tabaci on Cucumis sativus were recorded and analyzed by using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. The competitiveness of the two biotypes of B. tabaci was compared by investigating the population dynamics of the two biotypes in six successive generations on C. sativus.[Result] EPG results showed that B biotype B. tabaci had significantly more total number of probes (P=0.020) and longer total duration of probes (P=0.048) than Q biotype, and during the 2nd phase, the percentage of E was mainly lower (P=0.001) in B biotype than Q biotype, but there was no significant difference in percentage of probing duration between the two biotypes. Q biotype had significantly more total number of Pd (potential drop) (P=0.012) and longer total duration of Pd (P=0.016). For comparison of males and females in the same biotype, B biotype females were significantly lower than B biotype males in the percentage of Np (P=0.035) and the percentage of E (P<0.001) during the 2nd phase, but females had significantly higher percentage of probe duration (P=0.011) than males. However, there was no significant difference in the duration of E(P>0.05) in the 3rd phase between males and females of B biotype. For Q biotype, females not only had significantly higher percentage of probing duration (P=0.031) in the 2nd phase than Q biotype males, but also had significantly longer total duration of probes (P=0.039). Q biotype females had significantly shorter total duration of Np (P=0.038) than Q biotype males. There were no significant differences between males of B and Q biotypes for all EPG variables. For females whiteflies, B biotype had significantly more total number of individuals with E2>10 min (P=0.036) than Q biotype, but Q biotype females had significantly higher percentage of E (P<0.001) than B biotype in the 2nd phase. The results of the population dynamics of whiteflies on cucumber plants showed that the percentages of populations of the two biotypes became more and more divergent with the generations. In the 1st generation, the percentage of B biotype in the whole population almost reached 80%, and the percentage of the B biotype out of the whole population in the 5th generation and 6th already reached 98%. [Conclusion] Both the feeding ability and the competitiveness of B. tabaci B biotype were higher than those of Q biotype on cucumber without insecticide stresses in the laboratory, and those of females in either biotype of B and Q were higher than males.
