CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】明确短时高温暴露对褐飞虱成虫存活和生殖特性的影响，为褐飞虱种群发生预测及防治提供理论依据。【方法】采集初羽化24 h内的褐飞虱成虫，辨别雌、雄后放入平底玻璃管内，每管5对，置于水浴循环仪中进行高温暴露处理，设置6个靶标温度，分别为33、35、37、39、39.5和40℃，误差范围0.02℃。高温处理时以25℃为起点温度，然后以0.1℃/min的速度上升至靶标温度，待靶标温度恒定后，在靶标温度下处理2 h。处理结束后，将褐飞虱转移到25℃的人工培养箱中，1 h后观察记录其存活情况，以未经过高温处理的褐飞虱成虫为对照。随后研究其存活率、产卵量及后代存活能力是否发生变化。【结果】33—37℃对褐飞虱雌、雄虫的存活率均无显著影响；而39—40℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄虫的存活率显著下降，其中39.5℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄虫存活率均低于50%，40℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄虫存活率仅为4.5%—6.7%，且成虫存活时间不足24 h；不同高温暴露2 h后，褐飞虱雄成虫逐日存活率曲线坡度较雌成虫陡；在35—39.5℃范围内暴露2 h，褐飞虱的产卵前期有所延长，尤其在39.5℃下暴露2 h，每头褐飞虱雌虫的平均产卵前期达6.3 d，与对照（25℃）的产卵前期3.5 d达到极显著差异水平（P＜0.01）；在35和39℃暴露2 h，产卵前期显著延长，分别达到4.4和4.4 d（P＜0.05）；高温暴露对褐飞虱雌成虫产卵量也有明显的影响，33、35、37、39及39.5℃分别暴露2 h，每雌产卵量显著从25℃的365.5粒下降至165.4、194.6、146.7、301.6和234.7粒（P＜0.05）；高温暴露对褐飞虱后代孵化率和性比均无显著影响，但对其后代总存活率有着显著的影响，随着温度上升，F1代若虫总存活率由对照（25℃）的80.4%下降至61.8%—75.5%；褐飞虱成虫在33—39.5℃高温下暴露2 h，其F1代若虫总存活率比对照均下降，而除35℃（75.5%）外，其他温度暴露后，均与对照存在显著差异（P＜0.05），40℃下褐飞虱停止产卵活动。此外，高温暴露还能使褐飞虱的产卵节律和孵化节律发生变化，经39.5℃高温暴露2 h后，较33、35、37和39℃高温处理及对照的产卵高峰期和后代的孵化高峰期推迟。【结论】在39—40℃高温暴露下，褐飞虱成虫存活及产卵量和后代总存活能力显著下降，39℃及以上高温对褐飞虱存活与生殖具有一定的威胁。【目的】明確短時高溫暴露對褐飛虱成蟲存活和生殖特性的影響，為褐飛虱種群髮生預測及防治提供理論依據。【方法】採集初羽化24 h內的褐飛虱成蟲，辨彆雌、雄後放入平底玻璃管內，每管5對，置于水浴循環儀中進行高溫暴露處理，設置6箇靶標溫度，分彆為33、35、37、39、39.5和40℃，誤差範圍0.02℃。高溫處理時以25℃為起點溫度，然後以0.1℃/min的速度上升至靶標溫度，待靶標溫度恆定後，在靶標溫度下處理2 h。處理結束後，將褐飛虱轉移到25℃的人工培養箱中，1 h後觀察記錄其存活情況，以未經過高溫處理的褐飛虱成蟲為對照。隨後研究其存活率、產卵量及後代存活能力是否髮生變化。【結果】33—37℃對褐飛虱雌、雄蟲的存活率均無顯著影響；而39—40℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄蟲的存活率顯著下降，其中39.5℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄蟲存活率均低于50%，40℃下暴露2 h，雌、雄蟲存活率僅為4.5%—6.7%，且成蟲存活時間不足24 h；不同高溫暴露2 h後，褐飛虱雄成蟲逐日存活率麯線坡度較雌成蟲陡；在35—39.5℃範圍內暴露2 h，褐飛虱的產卵前期有所延長，尤其在39.5℃下暴露2 h，每頭褐飛虱雌蟲的平均產卵前期達6.3 d，與對照（25℃）的產卵前期3.5 d達到極顯著差異水平（P＜0.01）；在35和39℃暴露2 h，產卵前期顯著延長，分彆達到4.4和4.4 d（P＜0.05）；高溫暴露對褐飛虱雌成蟲產卵量也有明顯的影響，33、35、37、39及39.5℃分彆暴露2 h，每雌產卵量顯著從25℃的365.5粒下降至165.4、194.6、146.7、301.6和234.7粒（P＜0.05）；高溫暴露對褐飛虱後代孵化率和性比均無顯著影響，但對其後代總存活率有著顯著的影響，隨著溫度上升，F1代若蟲總存活率由對照（25℃）的80.4%下降至61.8%—75.5%；褐飛虱成蟲在33—39.5℃高溫下暴露2 h，其F1代若蟲總存活率比對照均下降，而除35℃（75.5%）外，其他溫度暴露後，均與對照存在顯著差異（P＜0.05），40℃下褐飛虱停止產卵活動。此外，高溫暴露還能使褐飛虱的產卵節律和孵化節律髮生變化，經39.5℃高溫暴露2 h後，較33、35、37和39℃高溫處理及對照的產卵高峰期和後代的孵化高峰期推遲。【結論】在39—40℃高溫暴露下，褐飛虱成蟲存活及產卵量和後代總存活能力顯著下降，39℃及以上高溫對褐飛虱存活與生殖具有一定的威脅。
【목적】명학단시고온폭로대갈비슬성충존활화생식특성적영향，위갈비슬충군발생예측급방치제공이론의거。【방법】채집초우화24 h내적갈비슬성충，변별자、웅후방입평저파리관내，매관5대，치우수욕순배의중진행고온폭로처리，설치6개파표온도，분별위33、35、37、39、39.5화40℃，오차범위0.02℃。고온처리시이25℃위기점온도，연후이0.1℃/min적속도상승지파표온도，대파표온도항정후，재파표온도하처리2 h。처리결속후，장갈비슬전이도25℃적인공배양상중，1 h후관찰기록기존활정황，이미경과고온처리적갈비슬성충위대조。수후연구기존활솔、산란량급후대존활능력시부발생변화。【결과】33—37℃대갈비슬자、웅충적존활솔균무현저영향；이39—40℃하폭로2 h，자、웅충적존활솔현저하강，기중39.5℃하폭로2 h，자、웅충존활솔균저우50%，40℃하폭로2 h，자、웅충존활솔부위4.5%—6.7%，차성충존활시간불족24 h；불동고온폭로2 h후，갈비슬웅성충축일존활솔곡선파도교자성충두；재35—39.5℃범위내폭로2 h，갈비슬적산란전기유소연장，우기재39.5℃하폭로2 h，매두갈비슬자충적평균산란전기체6.3 d，여대조（25℃）적산란전기3.5 d체도겁현저차이수평（P＜0.01）；재35화39℃폭로2 h，산란전기현저연장，분별체도4.4화4.4 d（P＜0.05）；고온폭로대갈비슬자성충산란량야유명현적영향，33、35、37、39급39.5℃분별폭로2 h，매자산란량현저종25℃적365.5립하강지165.4、194.6、146.7、301.6화234.7립（P＜0.05）；고온폭로대갈비슬후대부화솔화성비균무현저영향，단대기후대총존활솔유착현저적영향，수착온도상승，F1대약충총존활솔유대조（25℃）적80.4%하강지61.8%—75.5%；갈비슬성충재33—39.5℃고온하폭로2 h，기F1대약충총존활솔비대조균하강，이제35℃（75.5%）외，기타온도폭로후，균여대조존재현저차이（P＜0.05），40℃하갈비슬정지산란활동。차외，고온폭로환능사갈비슬적산란절률화부화절률발생변화，경39.5℃고온폭로2 h후，교33、35、37화39℃고온처리급대조적산란고봉기화후대적부화고봉기추지。【결론】재39—40℃고온폭로하，갈비슬성충존활급산란량화후대총존활능력현저하강，39℃급이상고온대갈비슬존활여생식구유일정적위협。
Objective]The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of short-term exposure to high temperature on the survival and fecundity of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensSt?l).The results will provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of occurrence and treatment of the population ofN. lugens.[Method]Newly-eclosedN. lugensadults (within 24 h of eclosion) were used in the experiments. Five adult pairs were randomly collected and placed in a glass tube in a water bath at 25℃, and the experiments were carried out, at an increasing temperature with a change of 0.1℃·min-1from 25℃ to 33, 35, 37, 39, 39.5 and up until 40℃, and kept at the target temperature for 2 h. The error range was 0.02℃. After treatment, tubes were moved into the phytotron to recover for 1 h, and the survival rate ofN. lugens was examined. Adults rawed in the phytotron were used as the control group.[Result]Within the range of 33-37℃, the survival rate and fecundity ofN. lugenswere not significantly different from the control. Within the range of 39-40℃, the survival rate of N. lugenswere decreased. After exposure to 39.5℃ for 2 h, the survival rate of male and female adults was less than 50%. After exposure to 40℃ for 2 h, the female adult survival rate dropped to 4.5%, and that of the male adults was 6.7%. All of the adults died within 24 h. After exposure to 33-39.5℃, the gradient of the male adult survival curve decreased abruptly than female. The preoviposition period was extended from 3.5-6.3 days with the increasing temperature from 33-39.5℃. The preoviposition period was 3.5 d at 25℃, 4.4 d at 35℃, 4.4 d at 39℃ (P<0.05), and 6.3 d at 39.5℃ (P<0.01), respectively. Furthermore, high temperature had a negative effect on the fecundity. The average fecundity decreased dramatically after exposure to high temperature for 2 h. F1 survival to adulthood was significantly reduced when adults were exposed to 33-39.5℃. The survival rate dropped from 80.4% to 61.8%-75.5% as the temperature increased. Female adults ceased oviposition activities after the exposure to 40℃. The oviposition rhythms and the number of eggs of F1 hatched per day also changed in these heat shock treatments, with prolonged oviposition period and delayed F1 peak hatching time after exposure to 39.5℃.[Conclusion]The survival and reproduction of N. lugens significantly decreased after exposure to temperatures of 39-40℃. When the exposure temperature exceeds 39℃, it has the potential threats to the survival and fecundity ofN. lugens.