CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】通过测定植物源农药苦豆子生物碱对番茄生长发育及果实品质的影响，探讨苦豆子生物碱对番茄形态及发育的调控效应，全面了解苦豆子生物碱的生物学效应，为其科学合理使用提供依据。【方法】以番茄为供试植物，阿维菌素为对照药剂，测定苦豆子生物碱不同浓度（333.0、166.5和111.0 mg·L-1）处理对番茄植株形态、果实产量及品质指标的影响。采用盆栽试验测定苦豆子生物碱对番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片总数、最大叶长和宽及叶绿素含量的影响；采用田间小区试验测定苦豆子生物碱对番茄产量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量和硝酸盐含量的影响。【结果】苦豆子生物碱对番茄植株生长及果实品质具有明显的调控作用。盆栽试验结果表明，166.5 mg·L-1处理对番茄幼苗的刺激生长作用最为明显，与空白对照（清水处理）相比，每次施药后第7天，番茄的株高相对生长速率分别增加55.07%、103.03%和60.60%，茎粗净增长量分别增加31.54%、225.80%和185.45%，但叶片形态无明显变化；在333.0和166.5 mg·L-1浓度下，与空白对照相比，苦豆子生物碱处理后可使叶片叶绿素含量分别升高6.16%—13.79%和6.89%—17.12%，而111.0 mg·L-1浓度处理的番茄叶绿素含量较空白对照却下降0.60%—9.40%。田间小区产量测定结果表明，333.0、166.5和111.0 mg·L-1的苦豆子生物碱处理后，与空白对照相比，番茄第一穗果实平均单果重分别增加13.07%、20.92%和9.15%，第二穗果实平均单果重与空白对照均无显著差异，第三穗果实平均单果重分别增加12.23%、20.86%和17.27%；且166.5 mg·L-1浓度下，番茄前期产量较对照增加16.48%，而333.0和111.0 mg·L-1处理下，产量无显著增加。田间小区试验果实品质测定结果表明，在浓度为333.0和111.0 mg·L-1的苦豆子生物碱处理下，与空白对照相比，可溶性糖含量平均值明显下降，而166.5 mg·L-1处理下可溶性糖含量与对照无显著差异；在333.0、166.5和111.0 mg·L-1浓度下，可滴定酸含量平均值分别较空白对照增加37.01%、23.88%和27.16%；333.0、166.5 mg·L-1浓度的苦豆子生物碱处理后，与空白对照相比，番茄第一穗果实的维生素C含量分别下降28.06%和21.91%，第二穗分别下降27.37%和26.34%，而第三穗分别增加7.28%和7.69%，呈先降低后升高的趋势，而111.0 mg·L-1浓度下，第一、二穗果实维生素C含量较空白对照显著下降，第三穗果实维生素C含量与空白对照无显著差异；苦豆子生物碱处理后番茄果实中硝酸盐的含量与空白对照相比显著增加，且浓度越高，硝酸盐积累越多，但仍远远低于中国蔬菜硝酸盐允许量。【结论】在田间常用浓度(166.5 mg·L-1)下，苦豆子生物碱能够在番茄营养期促进生长，生殖期促进果实增产，对果实品质无不利影响，作为一类新型、安全的植物源农药，具有较好的开发应用前景。【目的】通過測定植物源農藥苦豆子生物堿對番茄生長髮育及果實品質的影響，探討苦豆子生物堿對番茄形態及髮育的調控效應，全麵瞭解苦豆子生物堿的生物學效應，為其科學閤理使用提供依據。【方法】以番茄為供試植物，阿維菌素為對照藥劑，測定苦豆子生物堿不同濃度（333.0、166.5和111.0 mg·L-1）處理對番茄植株形態、果實產量及品質指標的影響。採用盆栽試驗測定苦豆子生物堿對番茄幼苗株高、莖粗、葉片總數、最大葉長和寬及葉綠素含量的影響；採用田間小區試驗測定苦豆子生物堿對番茄產量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定痠含量、維生素C含量和硝痠鹽含量的影響。【結果】苦豆子生物堿對番茄植株生長及果實品質具有明顯的調控作用。盆栽試驗結果錶明，166.5 mg·L-1處理對番茄幼苗的刺激生長作用最為明顯，與空白對照（清水處理）相比，每次施藥後第7天，番茄的株高相對生長速率分彆增加55.07%、103.03%和60.60%，莖粗淨增長量分彆增加31.54%、225.80%和185.45%，但葉片形態無明顯變化；在333.0和166.5 mg·L-1濃度下，與空白對照相比，苦豆子生物堿處理後可使葉片葉綠素含量分彆升高6.16%—13.79%和6.89%—17.12%，而111.0 mg·L-1濃度處理的番茄葉綠素含量較空白對照卻下降0.60%—9.40%。田間小區產量測定結果錶明，333.0、166.5和111.0 mg·L-1的苦豆子生物堿處理後，與空白對照相比，番茄第一穗果實平均單果重分彆增加13.07%、20.92%和9.15%，第二穗果實平均單果重與空白對照均無顯著差異，第三穗果實平均單果重分彆增加12.23%、20.86%和17.27%；且166.5 mg·L-1濃度下，番茄前期產量較對照增加16.48%，而333.0和111.0 mg·L-1處理下，產量無顯著增加。田間小區試驗果實品質測定結果錶明，在濃度為333.0和111.0 mg·L-1的苦豆子生物堿處理下，與空白對照相比，可溶性糖含量平均值明顯下降，而166.5 mg·L-1處理下可溶性糖含量與對照無顯著差異；在333.0、166.5和111.0 mg·L-1濃度下，可滴定痠含量平均值分彆較空白對照增加37.01%、23.88%和27.16%；333.0、166.5 mg·L-1濃度的苦豆子生物堿處理後，與空白對照相比，番茄第一穗果實的維生素C含量分彆下降28.06%和21.91%，第二穗分彆下降27.37%和26.34%，而第三穗分彆增加7.28%和7.69%，呈先降低後升高的趨勢，而111.0 mg·L-1濃度下，第一、二穗果實維生素C含量較空白對照顯著下降，第三穗果實維生素C含量與空白對照無顯著差異；苦豆子生物堿處理後番茄果實中硝痠鹽的含量與空白對照相比顯著增加，且濃度越高，硝痠鹽積纍越多，但仍遠遠低于中國蔬菜硝痠鹽允許量。【結論】在田間常用濃度(166.5 mg·L-1)下，苦豆子生物堿能夠在番茄營養期促進生長，生殖期促進果實增產，對果實品質無不利影響，作為一類新型、安全的植物源農藥，具有較好的開髮應用前景。
【목적】통과측정식물원농약고두자생물감대번가생장발육급과실품질적영향，탐토고두자생물감대번가형태급발육적조공효응，전면료해고두자생물감적생물학효응，위기과학합리사용제공의거。【방법】이번가위공시식물，아유균소위대조약제，측정고두자생물감불동농도（333.0、166.5화111.0 mg·L-1）처리대번가식주형태、과실산량급품질지표적영향。채용분재시험측정고두자생물감대번가유묘주고、경조、협편총수、최대협장화관급협록소함량적영향；채용전간소구시험측정고두자생물감대번가산량、가용성당함량、가적정산함량、유생소C함량화초산염함량적영향。【결과】고두자생물감대번가식주생장급과실품질구유명현적조공작용。분재시험결과표명，166.5 mg·L-1처리대번가유묘적자격생장작용최위명현，여공백대조（청수처리）상비，매차시약후제7천，번가적주고상대생장속솔분별증가55.07%、103.03%화60.60%，경조정증장량분별증가31.54%、225.80%화185.45%，단협편형태무명현변화；재333.0화166.5 mg·L-1농도하，여공백대조상비，고두자생물감처리후가사협편협록소함량분별승고6.16%—13.79%화6.89%—17.12%，이111.0 mg·L-1농도처리적번가협록소함량교공백대조각하강0.60%—9.40%。전간소구산량측정결과표명，333.0、166.5화111.0 mg·L-1적고두자생물감처리후，여공백대조상비，번가제일수과실평균단과중분별증가13.07%、20.92%화9.15%，제이수과실평균단과중여공백대조균무현저차이，제삼수과실평균단과중분별증가12.23%、20.86%화17.27%；차166.5 mg·L-1농도하，번가전기산량교대조증가16.48%，이333.0화111.0 mg·L-1처리하，산량무현저증가。전간소구시험과실품질측정결과표명，재농도위333.0화111.0 mg·L-1적고두자생물감처리하，여공백대조상비，가용성당함량평균치명현하강，이166.5 mg·L-1처리하가용성당함량여대조무현저차이；재333.0、166.5화111.0 mg·L-1농도하，가적정산함량평균치분별교공백대조증가37.01%、23.88%화27.16%；333.0、166.5 mg·L-1농도적고두자생물감처리후，여공백대조상비，번가제일수과실적유생소C함량분별하강28.06%화21.91%，제이수분별하강27.37%화26.34%，이제삼수분별증가7.28%화7.69%，정선강저후승고적추세，이111.0 mg·L-1농도하，제일、이수과실유생소C함량교공백대조현저하강，제삼수과실유생소C함량여공백대조무현저차이；고두자생물감처리후번가과실중초산염적함량여공백대조상비현저증가，차농도월고，초산염적루월다，단잉원원저우중국소채초산염윤허량。【결론】재전간상용농도(166.5 mg·L-1)하，고두자생물감능구재번가영양기촉진생장，생식기촉진과실증산，대과실품질무불리영향，작위일류신형、안전적식물원농약，구유교호적개발응용전경。
Objective]The objective of this study is to investigate the effect ofSophora alopecuroidesalkaloids on tomato growth and development for evaluating its biological function and providing a basis for its application.[Method] Avermectins was chosen as the contrast agent. Tomato plants were sprayed with different concentrations (333.0, 166.5 and 111.0 mg·L-1) ofS. alopecuroides alkaloids and the changes of morphology, fruit quality and yield were measured. Tomato plant height, stem diameter, the number of leaves, the length-width rate of the maximal leaves and the chlorophyll content were measured in a pot experiment. The effect ofS. alopecuroides alkaloids on tomato yield, soluble sugar content, titratable acid content, vitamin C content and nitrate content were investigated in a field plot experiment.[Result]S. alopecuroides alkaloids could regulate the plant growth and fruit quality. The pot experiment showed that the effect on stimulating growth of tomato seedlings was most obviously at concentration of 166.5 mg·L-1. Compared with the blank control (water treatment), 7th day after each spray, the relative growth rate of tomato plant height increased by 55.07%, 103.03% and 60.60%, respectively, net increase of stem diameter of tomato plant increased by 31.54%, 225.80% and 185.45%, respectively, but the alkaloids did not significantly influence leaf morphological factors. At concentration of 333.0 and 166.5 mg·L-1, after sprayingS. alopecuroides alkaloids, the chlorophyll content in treated leaves increased by 6.16%-13.79% and 6.89%-17.12%, respectively, but in 111.0 mg·L-1 treatment the chlorophyll content decreased by 0.60%-9.40% compared with blank control. Field plot experiment showed that tomatoes treated by 333.0, 166.5 and 111.0 mg·L-1 ofS. alopecuroides alkaloids, the single fruit weight increased by 13.07%, 20.92% and 9.15%, respectively, on the first cluster compared with the blank control, did not have a significant difference on the second cluster, and increased by 12.23%, 20.86% and 17.27%, respectively, on the third cluster. At concentration of 166.5 mg·L-1, the tomato yield was 16.48% more than blank control, and there was no significant increase in other treatments. Fruit quality results showed that at concentrations of 333.0 and 111.0 mg·L-1, the soluble sugar content declined obviously compared with the blank control, but it did not have a significant difference in tomatoes treated by 111.0 mg·L-1 of alkaloids. At concentrations of 333.0, 165.6 and 111.0 mg·L-1, the mean of titratable acid content in tomatoes increased by 37.01%, 23.88% and 27.16%, respectively, compared with the blank control. At concentrations of 333.0 and 166.5 mg·L-1, the vitamin C content decreased by 28.06% and 21.91%, respectively, on the first cluster, decreased by 27.37% and 26.34%, respectively, on the second cluster, but increased by 7.28% and 7.69%, respectively, on the third cluster, and showed a trend of increase at first and then decrease. At concentration of 111.0 mg·L-1, the vitamin C contentdeclined on both the first and second clusters, but did not have a difference on the third cluster compared with the blank control. The nitrate content all increased compared with the blank control, and the nitrate content accumulated more as the concentration increased, but it was still far below the tomato nitrate allowance in China.[Conclusion]At the field commonly used concentration (166.5 mg·L-1),S. alopecuroides alkaloids could stimulate seedling growth and increase the yield of tomato remarkably, and it had no adverse influence on fruit quality.