CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】研究意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）工蜂幼虫饲料中适宜色氨酸水平，为探明意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫发育阶段的色氨酸营养需要提供理论依据。【方法】选用1日龄工蜂幼虫1008只，随机分为7组，每组3个重复，每个重复48只幼虫，分别饲喂色氨酸水平为7.84、8.84、9.84、10.84、11.84、12.84和13.84 mg·g-1的7种日粮。取5日龄工蜂幼虫虫体测定色氨酸羟化酶（tryptophan hydroxylase，TPH）基因与5羟色胺受体（5-hydroxytryptamine receptors,5-HTR）1、2α、2β、7基因表达量；取6日龄工蜂幼虫虫体测定总蛋白、丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量、总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity，T-AOC）；取6日龄工蜂幼虫血淋巴测定其中游离色氨酸水平；7日龄时，统计工蜂化蛹率；取9日龄工蜂蛹测定色氨酸体沉积量，统计21日龄工蜂出房数目，计算羽化率。【结果】色氨酸水平为10.84 mg·g-1时，6日龄工蜂化蛹率最高，6日龄工蜂幼虫虫体蛋白含量最高，9日龄工蜂蜂蛹色氨酸体沉积最多，21日龄工蜂羽化率最高。色氨酸水平为10.84—11.84 mg·g-1时，5日龄工蜂幼虫 TPH 基因表达量最高，5日龄工蜂幼虫5-HT 受体1、2α、2β基因表达水平最高，6日龄工蜂幼虫血淋巴游离色氨酸含量最高。5日龄工蜂幼虫5-HT 受体7基因表达量在色氨酸水平为7.84—11.84 mg·g-1时，处于较低水平，12.84—13.84 mg·g-1时显著高于其他水平（P＜0.05）。6日龄工蜂幼虫 MDA 含量在色氨酸水平为7.84—11.84 mg·g-1时较低，12.84—13.84 mg·g-1时含量显著高于其他水平（P＜0.05）。6日龄工蜂幼虫T-AOC 在色氨酸水平为7.84—9.84 mg·g-1时处于较低水平，10.84—11.84 mg·g-1时处于较高水平，12.84—13.84 mg·g-1时显著高于其他水平。【结论】意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲料适宜色氨酸水平为10.84—11.84 mg·g-1。
【목적】연구의대리밀봉（Apis mellifera）공봉유충사료중괄의색안산수평，위탐명의대리밀봉공봉유충발육계단적색안산영양수요제공이론의거。【방법】선용1일령공봉유충1008지，수궤분위7조，매조3개중복，매개중복48지유충，분별사위색안산수평위7.84、8.84、9.84、10.84、11.84、12.84화13.84 mg·g-1적7충일량。취5일령공봉유충충체측정색안산간화매（tryptophan hydroxylase，TPH）기인여5간색알수체（5-hydroxytryptamine receptors,5-HTR）1、2α、2β、7기인표체량；취6일령공봉유충충체측정총단백、병이철（malondialdehyde，MDA）함량、총항양화능력（total antioxidant capacity，T-AOC）；취6일령공봉유충혈림파측정기중유리색안산수평；7일령시，통계공봉화용솔；취9일령공봉용측정색안산체침적량，통계21일령공봉출방수목，계산우화솔。【결과】색안산수평위10.84 mg·g-1시，6일령공봉화용솔최고，6일령공봉유충충체단백함량최고，9일령공봉봉용색안산체침적최다，21일령공봉우화솔최고。색안산수평위10.84—11.84 mg·g-1시，5일령공봉유충 TPH 기인표체량최고，5일령공봉유충5-HT 수체1、2α、2β기인표체수평최고，6일령공봉유충혈림파유리색안산함량최고。5일령공봉유충5-HT 수체7기인표체량재색안산수평위7.84—11.84 mg·g-1시，처우교저수평，12.84—13.84 mg·g-1시현저고우기타수평（P＜0.05）。6일령공봉유충 MDA 함량재색안산수평위7.84—11.84 mg·g-1시교저，12.84—13.84 mg·g-1시함량현저고우기타수평（P＜0.05）。6일령공봉유충T-AOC 재색안산수평위7.84—9.84 mg·g-1시처우교저수평，10.84—11.84 mg·g-1시처우교고수평，12.84—13.84 mg·g-1시현저고우기타수평。【결론】의대리밀봉공봉유충사료괄의색안산수평위10.84—11.84 mg·g-1。
[Objective] The objective of this research is to study the appropriate levels of tryptophan in Apis mellifera worker bee larvae feed, and to provide a theoretical basis for the nutritional needs of tryptophan. [Method] A total of 1 008 one-day-old larvae were randomly divided into seven groups of three replicates of 48 larvae, and were fed different diets with tryptophan at the levels of 7.84, 8.84, 9.84, 10.84, 11.84, 12.84 and 13.84 mg·g-1, respectively. The 5-day-old worker bee larvae were used for measuring TPH (tryptophan hydroxylase) gene and 5-HTR (5-hydroxytryptamine receptors) 1, 2α, 2β, 7 gene expression. The 6-day-old worker bee larvae as samples for determining total protein content, MDA (malondialdehyde), T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), and the 6-day-old larval hemolymph was taken to be used for measuring the level of free tryptophan. The pupation rate was calculated at 7-day-old. Deposition amount of tryptophan was analyzed using 9-day-old pupa, and the worker bee eclosion rate was calculated at 21-day-old.[Result]Pupation rate and larvae total protein content at 6-day-old, tryptophan deposition at 9-day-old pupa and worker bee eclosion rate at 21-day-old were the highest when the tryptophan level was 10.84 mg·g-1. The expressions of TPH, 5-HT receptors 1, 2α and 2β genes of larvae at 5-day-old and hemolymph free tryptophan content of larvae at 6-day-old were elevated significantly by 10.84-11.84 mg·g-1 tryptophan (P<0.05). However, 5-HT receptor 7 gene expression of 5-day-old worker bee larvae and MDA level of 6-day-old worker bee larvae fed 12.84-13.84 mg·g-1 tryptophan were higher than worker bee larvae fed 7.84-11.84 mg·g-1 tryptophan (P<0.05). Dietary supplied with 10.84-13.84 mg·g-1 tryptophan improved significantly 6-day-old worker bee larvae T-AOC compared with dietary with 7.84-9.84 mg·g-1 tryptophan (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The appropriate level of tryptophan for A. mellifera worker bee larvae is 10.84-11.84 mg·g-1.