中国农业科学
中國農業科學
중국농업과학
SCIENTIA AGRICULTURA SINICA
2015年
7期
1300-1310
,共11页
曾研华%张玉屏%王亚梁%向镜%陈惠哲%朱德峰
曾研華%張玉屏%王亞樑%嚮鏡%陳惠哲%硃德峰
증연화%장옥병%왕아량%향경%진혜철%주덕봉
籼粳杂交稻%播期%枝梗%颖花%籼粳成分
秈粳雜交稻%播期%枝梗%穎花%秈粳成分
선갱잡교도%파기%지경%영화%선갱성분
indica-japonica hybrid rice%sowing date%branches%spikelets%composition of indica and japanica
【目的】探讨播期对不同籼粳杂交稻穗粒数形成规律的影响。【方法】以杂交稻偏粳型中熟中粳甬优8号、偏籼型迟熟中粳甬优15号、中熟晚籼钱优2号和常规品种迟熟中粳浙粳88为材料，通过分期播种研究不同类型水稻枝梗和颖花分化与退化的特性及其与籼粳性成分的关系。【结果】籼粳杂交稻甬优8号及甬优15号每穗总颖花分化数均显著高于籼稻钱优2号和粳稻浙粳88；甬优品种的一次枝梗及颖花分化数显著高于籼、粳稻，二次枝梗和颖花分化数以偏籼型品种甬优15号和钱优2号较高，而甬优8号二次颖花分化数与钱优2号的基本持平。随播期推迟，每穗总颖花分化数显著降低，尤为二次颖花分化数，而一次颖花分化数以适期播种最高。甬优8号和钱优2号总颖花分化数以早播显著高于适期播种和迟期播种，甬优15号则以适期播种最高，适期播种能显著提高籼粳杂交稻品种甬优8号和甬优15号的一次颖花现存数，主要体现在稻穗中上部与穗基部、顶部，这与其较高的一次枝梗分化能力有关。不同播期间，各类型品种稻穗不同部位一次枝梗上的二次枝梗分化数从穗基部到穗顶部总体呈下降趋势，而二次枝梗和颖花现存数、二次颖花分化数总体呈现“先升后降”的趋势。其中甬优8号不同部位一次枝梗上二次枝梗和颖花现存数的早播优势主要体现在穗中上部位，钱优2号早播的优势为稻穗中下部，甬优15号适期播种的优势主要体现在穗顶部，而浙粳88迟播的影响主要体现在稻穗基部。相关分析表明，各类型品种粳性成分与稻穗总颖花分化数及一次、二次枝梗和颖花分化数均呈极显著抛物线关系，相关系数分别为0.8172、0.9416、0.9004、0.8718和0.7988。【结论】与籼、粳稻相比，籼粳杂交稻具有较多的枝梗数和颖花数。推迟播期，降低每穗颖花分化数和二次枝梗分化数；早播有利于中熟品种颖花和二次枝梗的形成，而适期播种对迟熟品种的效应较好。不同播期下各类型品种粳性成分与稻穗枝梗和颖花呈极显著相关。
【目的】探討播期對不同秈粳雜交稻穗粒數形成規律的影響。【方法】以雜交稻偏粳型中熟中粳甬優8號、偏秈型遲熟中粳甬優15號、中熟晚秈錢優2號和常規品種遲熟中粳浙粳88為材料，通過分期播種研究不同類型水稻枝梗和穎花分化與退化的特性及其與秈粳性成分的關繫。【結果】秈粳雜交稻甬優8號及甬優15號每穗總穎花分化數均顯著高于秈稻錢優2號和粳稻浙粳88；甬優品種的一次枝梗及穎花分化數顯著高于秈、粳稻，二次枝梗和穎花分化數以偏秈型品種甬優15號和錢優2號較高，而甬優8號二次穎花分化數與錢優2號的基本持平。隨播期推遲，每穗總穎花分化數顯著降低，尤為二次穎花分化數，而一次穎花分化數以適期播種最高。甬優8號和錢優2號總穎花分化數以早播顯著高于適期播種和遲期播種，甬優15號則以適期播種最高，適期播種能顯著提高秈粳雜交稻品種甬優8號和甬優15號的一次穎花現存數，主要體現在稻穗中上部與穗基部、頂部，這與其較高的一次枝梗分化能力有關。不同播期間，各類型品種稻穗不同部位一次枝梗上的二次枝梗分化數從穗基部到穗頂部總體呈下降趨勢，而二次枝梗和穎花現存數、二次穎花分化數總體呈現“先升後降”的趨勢。其中甬優8號不同部位一次枝梗上二次枝梗和穎花現存數的早播優勢主要體現在穗中上部位，錢優2號早播的優勢為稻穗中下部，甬優15號適期播種的優勢主要體現在穗頂部，而浙粳88遲播的影響主要體現在稻穗基部。相關分析錶明，各類型品種粳性成分與稻穗總穎花分化數及一次、二次枝梗和穎花分化數均呈極顯著拋物線關繫，相關繫數分彆為0.8172、0.9416、0.9004、0.8718和0.7988。【結論】與秈、粳稻相比，秈粳雜交稻具有較多的枝梗數和穎花數。推遲播期，降低每穗穎花分化數和二次枝梗分化數；早播有利于中熟品種穎花和二次枝梗的形成，而適期播種對遲熟品種的效應較好。不同播期下各類型品種粳性成分與稻穗枝梗和穎花呈極顯著相關。
【목적】탐토파기대불동선갱잡교도수립수형성규률적영향。【방법】이잡교도편갱형중숙중갱용우8호、편선형지숙중갱용우15호、중숙만선전우2호화상규품충지숙중갱절갱88위재료，통과분기파충연구불동류형수도지경화영화분화여퇴화적특성급기여선갱성성분적관계。【결과】선갱잡교도용우8호급용우15호매수총영화분화수균현저고우선도전우2호화갱도절갱88；용우품충적일차지경급영화분화수현저고우선、갱도，이차지경화영화분화수이편선형품충용우15호화전우2호교고，이용우8호이차영화분화수여전우2호적기본지평。수파기추지，매수총영화분화수현저강저，우위이차영화분화수，이일차영화분화수이괄기파충최고。용우8호화전우2호총영화분화수이조파현저고우괄기파충화지기파충，용우15호칙이괄기파충최고，괄기파충능현저제고선갱잡교도품충용우8호화용우15호적일차영화현존수，주요체현재도수중상부여수기부、정부，저여기교고적일차지경분화능력유관。불동파기간，각류형품충도수불동부위일차지경상적이차지경분화수종수기부도수정부총체정하강추세，이이차지경화영화현존수、이차영화분화수총체정현“선승후강”적추세。기중용우8호불동부위일차지경상이차지경화영화현존수적조파우세주요체현재수중상부위，전우2호조파적우세위도수중하부，용우15호괄기파충적우세주요체현재수정부，이절갱88지파적영향주요체현재도수기부。상관분석표명，각류형품충갱성성분여도수총영화분화수급일차、이차지경화영화분화수균정겁현저포물선관계，상관계수분별위0.8172、0.9416、0.9004、0.8718화0.7988。【결론】여선、갱도상비，선갱잡교도구유교다적지경수화영화수。추지파기，강저매수영화분화수화이차지경분화수；조파유리우중숙품충영화화이차지경적형성，이괄기파충대지숙품충적효응교호。불동파기하각류형품충갱성성분여도수지경화영화정겁현저상관。
[Objective]The objective of the study is to elucidate the effects of sowing date on characteristics of spikelets formation of hybrid rice with different compositions of indica and japanica.[Method]The inbred and hybrid varieties with different compositions of indica and japanica, Yongyou8 and Yongyou15, Qianyou2 and Zhejing88 were used in this study. The characteristics of differentiation and degradation of branches and spikelets were investigated, and the relationship between the composition of indica & japonica and the character of rice panicle was analyzed.[Result]The total number of differentiated spikelets per panicle of hybrid rice Yongyou 8 and Yongyou15 with indica-japonca blood were significantly higher than the indica rice Qianyou2 and japonica rice Zhejing88. The numbers of differentiated primary branches and spikelets on primary branches of Yongyou 8 and Yongyou15 were also significantly higher than the indica and japonica rice. The number of secondary branches, and spikelets on secondary branches of Yongyou15 and Qianyou2 was more than two others rice varieties. The number of differentiated spikelets decreased significantly with the sowing date delaying (ie. 28, June), especially the number of differentiated spikelets on secondary branches, but differentiated spikelets on primary branches on suitable sowing date (ie. 21, June) was more than other sowing date. More number of differentiated spikelets of Yongyou8 and Qianyou2 was found when the sowing date was ahead (ie.14, June). Degradation spikelets on primary branches of Yongyou varieties decreased significantly at suitable sowing date, and low spikelets degradation was observed for Yongyou8 in the middle-upper part of panicle and the base part or top part for Yongyou15, respectively, and that caused by higher primary branches differentiation. In all sowing date treatments, the number of differentiated secondary branches decreased from base panicle to top panicle in all varieties, and the secondary branches, spikelets on secondary branches showed an increased and then decreased tendency. The advantage was that low degradation of secondary branches, spikelets on secondary branches in the middle-top of panicle of Yongyou8 when the sowing date was ahead, and that was the base-middle of panicle for Qianyou2. The low degradation of spikelets was found in the top of panicle of Yongyou15 at suitable sowing date, and the advantage of sowing date delaying was that low degradation of spikelets happened in the base of panicle of Zhejing88. There was a significantly parabolic correlation between the japonica consanguinity component and the number of differentiated spikelets, primary, secondary branches and its spikelets, and the correlation coefficient was 0.8172, 0.9416, 0.9004, 0.8718 and 0.7988, respectively.[Conclusion]There were more branches and spikelets of indica-japonica hybrid rice than indica and japonica rice. Differentiated spikelets and secondary branches per panicle were reduced significantly with sowing date delaying, and it promoted the formation of spikelets and secondary branches when the sowing date was ahead for medium-maturing varieties, while there was a positive effect for late-maturing varieties by selecting suitable sowing date. There was a significantly correlation between the japonica consanguinity component and the branches, spikelets of panicle in all sowing date treatments.
