CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】以黄土高原半干旱区有限降水持续高效利用为目标，研究不同覆膜方式下连作玉米（ZeaMay L.）的产量表现和水分利用特征，揭示其增产机理，明确不同覆膜方式下有利于土壤水分持续高效利用的连作年限，为试区高产、水分高效持续利用型玉米连作技术提供理论依据。【方法】以田间定位试验为基础，量化连作玉米农田土壤水分的年际平衡关系、产量稳定性；以持续高产和收获期不发生土壤干燥化为依据，确定适用于不同覆膜方式的玉米连作年限。【结果】3年试验结果表明，全膜双垄沟播具有良好的保墒、提高土壤水分有效性，利于协调关键生育时期土壤-作物的水分供需关系，提高产量和水分利用效率的作用。与半膜平作处理相比，全膜双垄沟播玉米的籽粒产量、水分利用效率分别提高了41.8%和33.4%，生物产量、单位耗水的干物质累积量、总产值、净产值、毫米水产值和产投比分别提高了21.8%、12.3%、31.2%、27.8%、21.1%和-3.2%；与露地栽培处理相比生物产量、单位耗水的干物质累积量、总产值、净产值、毫米水产值和产投比分别提高了24.9%、39.1%、225.5%、1423.9%、212.4%和93.5%。地膜覆盖增大了玉米全生育时期的耗水量，全膜双垄沟播、全膜平作和半膜平作耗水量较露地栽培增幅分别为15.5%—29.2%、10.0%—20.8%和4.2%—12.6%。单季较高的耗水量导致3种覆盖处理在连作第二年收获期土壤贮水量较连作开始期分别降低了37.3%、33.5%和30.9%，第三年降低了29.6%、27.5%和23.9%，造成土壤水分亏缺；随着连作年限的延长，土壤水分亏缺累计，出现土壤干化现象，引起产量波动，不利于土壤水分的持续利用。【结论】黄土高原半干旱区，在同等降雨条件下，全膜双垄沟播具有明显的增产增效和提高水分利用效率的作用，是理想的玉米种植模式；当年降雨量在320 mm左右时，全膜双垄沟播玉米连作不宜超过2年，全膜平作、半膜平作玉米的连作时间不宜超过3年。【目的】以黃土高原半榦旱區有限降水持續高效利用為目標，研究不同覆膜方式下連作玉米（ZeaMay L.）的產量錶現和水分利用特徵，揭示其增產機理，明確不同覆膜方式下有利于土壤水分持續高效利用的連作年限，為試區高產、水分高效持續利用型玉米連作技術提供理論依據。【方法】以田間定位試驗為基礎，量化連作玉米農田土壤水分的年際平衡關繫、產量穩定性；以持續高產和收穫期不髮生土壤榦燥化為依據，確定適用于不同覆膜方式的玉米連作年限。【結果】3年試驗結果錶明，全膜雙壟溝播具有良好的保墑、提高土壤水分有效性，利于協調關鍵生育時期土壤-作物的水分供需關繫，提高產量和水分利用效率的作用。與半膜平作處理相比，全膜雙壟溝播玉米的籽粒產量、水分利用效率分彆提高瞭41.8%和33.4%，生物產量、單位耗水的榦物質纍積量、總產值、淨產值、毫米水產值和產投比分彆提高瞭21.8%、12.3%、31.2%、27.8%、21.1%和-3.2%；與露地栽培處理相比生物產量、單位耗水的榦物質纍積量、總產值、淨產值、毫米水產值和產投比分彆提高瞭24.9%、39.1%、225.5%、1423.9%、212.4%和93.5%。地膜覆蓋增大瞭玉米全生育時期的耗水量，全膜雙壟溝播、全膜平作和半膜平作耗水量較露地栽培增幅分彆為15.5%—29.2%、10.0%—20.8%和4.2%—12.6%。單季較高的耗水量導緻3種覆蓋處理在連作第二年收穫期土壤貯水量較連作開始期分彆降低瞭37.3%、33.5%和30.9%，第三年降低瞭29.6%、27.5%和23.9%，造成土壤水分虧缺；隨著連作年限的延長，土壤水分虧缺纍計，齣現土壤榦化現象，引起產量波動，不利于土壤水分的持續利用。【結論】黃土高原半榦旱區，在同等降雨條件下，全膜雙壟溝播具有明顯的增產增效和提高水分利用效率的作用，是理想的玉米種植模式；噹年降雨量在320 mm左右時，全膜雙壟溝播玉米連作不宜超過2年，全膜平作、半膜平作玉米的連作時間不宜超過3年。
【목적】이황토고원반간한구유한강수지속고효이용위목표，연구불동복막방식하련작옥미（ZeaMay L.）적산량표현화수분이용특정，게시기증산궤리，명학불동복막방식하유리우토양수분지속고효이용적련작년한，위시구고산、수분고효지속이용형옥미련작기술제공이론의거。【방법】이전간정위시험위기출，양화련작옥미농전토양수분적년제평형관계、산량은정성；이지속고산화수획기불발생토양간조화위의거，학정괄용우불동복막방식적옥미련작년한。【결과】3년시험결과표명，전막쌍롱구파구유량호적보상、제고토양수분유효성，리우협조관건생육시기토양-작물적수분공수관계，제고산량화수분이용효솔적작용。여반막평작처리상비，전막쌍롱구파옥미적자립산량、수분이용효솔분별제고료41.8%화33.4%，생물산량、단위모수적간물질루적량、총산치、정산치、호미수산치화산투비분별제고료21.8%、12.3%、31.2%、27.8%、21.1%화-3.2%；여로지재배처리상비생물산량、단위모수적간물질루적량、총산치、정산치、호미수산치화산투비분별제고료24.9%、39.1%、225.5%、1423.9%、212.4%화93.5%。지막복개증대료옥미전생육시기적모수량，전막쌍롱구파、전막평작화반막평작모수량교로지재배증폭분별위15.5%—29.2%、10.0%—20.8%화4.2%—12.6%。단계교고적모수량도치3충복개처리재련작제이년수획기토양저수량교련작개시기분별강저료37.3%、33.5%화30.9%，제삼년강저료29.6%、27.5%화23.9%，조성토양수분우결；수착련작년한적연장，토양수분우결루계，출현토양간화현상，인기산량파동，불리우토양수분적지속이용。【결론】황토고원반간한구，재동등강우조건하，전막쌍롱구파구유명현적증산증효화제고수분이용효솔적작용，시이상적옥미충식모식；당년강우량재320 mm좌우시，전막쌍롱구파옥미련작불의초과2년，전막평작、반막평작옥미적련작시간불의초과3년。
[Objective] The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of continuous maize cropping under different plastic film mulching modes on the yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize, uncover the mechanism of increase production and water use efficiency under different plastic film mulching patterns. It is also to ascertain time limitation for continuous maize cropping for sustainable and efficient water use. [Method] Based on the field experiment, quantization of soil water balance between years and maize yield stability was determined. Maize continuous cropping time limitation was determined by continuous high yield and no appearance of soil desiccation in harvesting period.[Result]Under 3-year continuous cropping conditions, the results showed that completely film mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting had significant effects on increasing maize yield and WUE, and was of benefit to the water demand of maize crop at the key growth and development stage. Compared with half-mulching and flat-planting treatment, maize yield and WUE was increased by 41.8%and 33.4%, respectively. Maize biomass, WUEb, WUEy, total output value, net output value, output per rainfall value and input-output ratio increased by 21.8%, 12.3%, 31.2%, 27.8%, 21.1% and -3.2%, respectively; they increased by 24.9%, 39.1%, 225.5%, 1423.9%, 212.4% and 93.5% compared to flat-planting without mulching treatment, respectively. Film mulching increased the amount of water consumption in the maize whole growth period by 15.5%-29.2%, 10.0%-20.8%and 4.2%-12.6%for completely film mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting, complete mulching and flat-planting, half-mulching and flat-planting treatment compared to flat-planting without mulching treatment. High water consumption in the crop growing period made the soil water storage under three film mulching treatments decreased by 37.3%, 33.5%and 30.9%lower than the beginning of the experiment in the second year, and it was 29.6%, 27.5% and 23.9% lower in the third year, this continuous soil water decrease practice resulted in soil water deficiency. With the prolongation of the time of continuous cultivation, soil desiccation appeared and has a negative effect on soil water sustainable use.[Conclusion]Under the same rainfall conditions, the completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting had a significant effect on increasing the yield, benefit and the WUE. Taking the sustainable use of water into account, 2 years is a suitable period of continuous cropping for the completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting, and 3 years is a suitable period of continuous cropping for complete mulching and flat-planting, half-mulching and flat-planting, flat-planting without mulching, respectively, in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau.