CAJ | 학술논문

工程开挖面是生产建设项目水土流失的主要来源之一，开挖面下垫面改变剧烈，产生的水土流失既有传统水土流失的共性，又有其自身的特殊性。其中有汇水影响开挖面占总开挖面数量的94％。通过人工开挖坡面小区及放水冲刷试验模拟汇水影响，研究上方来水条件下开挖面水土流失规律，以期为开挖边坡水土流失预测及防治提供理论基础和科学依据。结果显示：放水冲刷试验过程中基本没有初损历时，径流系数普遍偏大；侵蚀外营力放水流量、下垫面因素坡度、坡长等对开挖面土壤侵蚀均有重要的影响，均与单位面积土壤流失量呈极显著相关；新旧开挖面土壤流失量差异显著，其倍数与坡度呈极显著幂函数负相关关系；随放水流量增大，各小区径流量、单位面积产沙量均呈增大趋势；同一放水流量，不同坡长小区产流产沙差异不明显；同一放水流量，不同坡度小区之间单位面积产沙量差异显著，但径流量差异不明显。
공정개알면시생산건설항목수토류실적주요래원지일，개알면하점면개변극렬，산생적수토류실기유전통수토류실적공성，우유기자신적특수성。기중유회수영향개알면점총개알면수량적94％。통과인공개알파면소구급방수충쇄시험모의회수영향，연구상방래수조건하개알면수토류실규률，이기위개알변파수토류실예측급방치제공이론기출화과학의거。결과현시：방수충쇄시험과정중기본몰유초손력시，경류계수보편편대；침식외영력방수류량、하점면인소파도、파장등대개알면토양침식균유중요적영향，균여단위면적토양류실량정겁현저상관；신구개알면토양류실량차이현저，기배수여파도정겁현저멱함수부상관관계；수방수류량증대，각소구경류량、단위면적산사량균정증대추세；동일방수류량，불동파장소구산유산사차이불명현；동일방수류량，불동파도소구지간단위면적산사량차이현저，단경류량차이불명현。
Engineering excavated slope is one of the main causes of water and soil loss in production and construc-tion projects.The water and soil loss in excavated slope caused by violent changes in underlying surface has con-ventional features and also has its own unique characteristics.The excavated slope affected by up-slope runoff ac-counts for 94% of the total number of excavated slopes.In this paper the effect of up-slope runoff on the regularity of water and soil loss is researched through scouring experiments on artificial excavated slope.Results show that there is no initial abstraction duration in general,and runoff coefficient is high.Flow rate,slope gradient and slope length are in significant correlation with soil loss per unit area,indicating that these factors have important effect on the soil erosion of excavated slope.Furthermore,there is apparent difference between the soil loss of newly excava-ted slope and previously excavated slope.This difference is in significant negative power regression relation with slope gradient.With the rise of flow rate,runoff and per unit sediment yield increase accordingly.In the presence of the same flow rate,there is slight difference in runoff and sediment yield among different plots with different slope lengths,but when the slope gradient is different,there is obvious difference in sediment yield rather than in runoff.