CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】探讨精胺（Spermine，Spm）处理延缓菜用大豆贮藏冷害以及调节其蔗糖代谢的作用机理，为菜用大豆的采后贮藏保鲜技术提供参考。【方法】以‘新大粒1号’菜用大豆为试验材料，分别用0.5、1和2 mmol·L-1外源Spm浸泡处理20 min，以清水浸泡为对照，于1℃、相对湿度为85%—90%的环境条件下贮藏10周，每周分别测定与菜用大豆抗冷性相关的生理指标，籽粒中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量，及与蔗糖代谢相关的酶活性指标。【结果】贮藏第2周即出现冷害，随着冷藏时间延长，菜用大豆冷害发生逐渐加重。与对照相比，Spm 处理使冷害症状出现时间推迟到第3周，延缓了贮藏后期冷害指数的上升；也抑制了菜用大豆细胞膜透性的增加，贮藏5周后，0.5和1 mmol·L-1 Spm处理与对照的差异均达到显著水平（P＜0.05）；此外，冷藏期间的菜用大豆籽粒中膜脂过氧化产物-丙二醛（MDA）不断积累，低浓度Spm能缓解膜脂过氧化，减少MDA积累，而高浓度Spm可能产生毒害作用；与对照相比，1 mmol·L-1 Spm明显提高了菜用大豆冷藏期间抗氧化酶—过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性；与此同时，Spm处理也显著减少了菜用大豆籽粒蔗糖的损失（P＜0.05），经过 Spm 处理的菜用大豆籽粒中果糖与葡萄糖含量低于对照，但整个贮藏期不同浓度处理间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。进一步通过冷藏菜用大豆籽粒可溶性糖含量与酸性转化酶（AI）、中性转化酶（NI）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）4种蔗糖代谢相关酶活性之间的相关性分析发现，蔗糖含量与AI活性呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01），与SPS活性呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），而与NI和SS活性之间没有显著相关性，说明AI和SPS对菜用大豆冷藏期间蔗糖的降解起到了关键的调节作用，外源Spm通过对蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的调节有效抑制了冷藏菜用大豆籽粒中蔗糖含量的损失。【结论】Spm可有效延缓菜用大豆1℃贮藏期间冷害的发生，最适浓度为1 mmol·L-1；蔗糖损失可能是导致菜用大豆冷害加剧的重要原因，Spm通过抑制AI活性增加的同时，延缓SPS活性的降低，以维持冷藏期间菜用大豆籽粒较高的蔗糖含量。【目的】探討精胺（Spermine，Spm）處理延緩菜用大豆貯藏冷害以及調節其蔗糖代謝的作用機理，為菜用大豆的採後貯藏保鮮技術提供參攷。【方法】以‘新大粒1號’菜用大豆為試驗材料，分彆用0.5、1和2 mmol·L-1外源Spm浸泡處理20 min，以清水浸泡為對照，于1℃、相對濕度為85%—90%的環境條件下貯藏10週，每週分彆測定與菜用大豆抗冷性相關的生理指標，籽粒中蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量，及與蔗糖代謝相關的酶活性指標。【結果】貯藏第2週即齣現冷害，隨著冷藏時間延長，菜用大豆冷害髮生逐漸加重。與對照相比，Spm 處理使冷害癥狀齣現時間推遲到第3週，延緩瞭貯藏後期冷害指數的上升；也抑製瞭菜用大豆細胞膜透性的增加，貯藏5週後，0.5和1 mmol·L-1 Spm處理與對照的差異均達到顯著水平（P＜0.05）；此外，冷藏期間的菜用大豆籽粒中膜脂過氧化產物-丙二醛（MDA）不斷積纍，低濃度Spm能緩解膜脂過氧化，減少MDA積纍，而高濃度Spm可能產生毒害作用；與對照相比，1 mmol·L-1 Spm明顯提高瞭菜用大豆冷藏期間抗氧化酶—過氧化氫酶（CAT）、過氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性；與此同時，Spm處理也顯著減少瞭菜用大豆籽粒蔗糖的損失（P＜0.05），經過 Spm 處理的菜用大豆籽粒中果糖與葡萄糖含量低于對照，但整箇貯藏期不同濃度處理間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。進一步通過冷藏菜用大豆籽粒可溶性糖含量與痠性轉化酶（AI）、中性轉化酶（NI）、蔗糖閤成酶（SS）和蔗糖燐痠閤成酶（SPS）4種蔗糖代謝相關酶活性之間的相關性分析髮現，蔗糖含量與AI活性呈極顯著負相關（P＜0.01），與SPS活性呈極顯著正相關（P＜0.01），而與NI和SS活性之間沒有顯著相關性，說明AI和SPS對菜用大豆冷藏期間蔗糖的降解起到瞭關鍵的調節作用，外源Spm通過對蔗糖代謝相關酶活性的調節有效抑製瞭冷藏菜用大豆籽粒中蔗糖含量的損失。【結論】Spm可有效延緩菜用大豆1℃貯藏期間冷害的髮生，最適濃度為1 mmol·L-1；蔗糖損失可能是導緻菜用大豆冷害加劇的重要原因，Spm通過抑製AI活性增加的同時，延緩SPS活性的降低，以維持冷藏期間菜用大豆籽粒較高的蔗糖含量。
【목적】탐토정알（Spermine，Spm）처리연완채용대두저장냉해이급조절기자당대사적작용궤리，위채용대두적채후저장보선기술제공삼고。【방법】이‘신대립1호’채용대두위시험재료，분별용0.5、1화2 mmol·L-1외원Spm침포처리20 min，이청수침포위대조，우1℃、상대습도위85%—90%적배경조건하저장10주，매주분별측정여채용대두항랭성상관적생리지표，자립중자당、과당화포도당함량，급여자당대사상관적매활성지표。【결과】저장제2주즉출현냉해，수착랭장시간연장，채용대두냉해발생축점가중。여대조상비，Spm 처리사냉해증상출현시간추지도제3주，연완료저장후기냉해지수적상승；야억제료채용대두세포막투성적증가，저장5주후，0.5화1 mmol·L-1 Spm처리여대조적차이균체도현저수평（P＜0.05）；차외，랭장기간적채용대두자립중막지과양화산물-병이철（MDA）불단적루，저농도Spm능완해막지과양화，감소MDA적루，이고농도Spm가능산생독해작용；여대조상비，1 mmol·L-1 Spm명현제고료채용대두랭장기간항양화매—과양화경매（CAT）、과양화물매（POD）화초양화물기화매（SOD）적활성；여차동시，Spm처리야현저감소료채용대두자립자당적손실（P＜0.05），경과 Spm 처리적채용대두자립중과당여포도당함량저우대조，단정개저장기불동농도처리간차이불현저（P＞0.05）。진일보통과랭장채용대두자립가용성당함량여산성전화매（AI）、중성전화매（NI）、자당합성매（SS）화자당린산합성매（SPS）4충자당대사상관매활성지간적상관성분석발현，자당함량여AI활성정겁현저부상관（P＜0.01），여SPS활성정겁현저정상관（P＜0.01），이여NI화SS활성지간몰유현저상관성，설명AI화SPS대채용대두랭장기간자당적강해기도료관건적조절작용，외원Spm통과대자당대사상관매활성적조절유효억제료랭장채용대두자립중자당함량적손실。【결론】Spm가유효연완채용대두1℃저장기간냉해적발생，최괄농도위1 mmol·L-1；자당손실가능시도치채용대두냉해가극적중요원인，Spm통과억제AI활성증가적동시，연완SPS활성적강저，이유지랭장기간채용대두자립교고적자당함량。
[Objective] Mechanism of exogenous spermine in delaying chilling injury and regulating sucrose metabolism of vegetable soybean during cold storage was investigated to provide a theoretical basis for the preservation of post-harvest vegetable soybean.[Method]‘Xindali No. 1’ vegetable soybeans used as the experimental materials were immersed in 0.5, 1 and 2 mmol·L-1 spermine for 20 min, respectively, distilled water as a control, then stored at 1℃ for 10 weeks under the environmental condition of relative humidity of 85%-90%. The chilling resistance related physiological indexes, soluble sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose) contents and the activities of sucrose metabolism related enzymes were all determined every week.[Result]The chilling injury (CI) symptoms of vegetable soybean aggravated with the extension of storage period, and it appeared during the first two weeks of storage. Spermine treatment not only delayed the increase of CI index and postponed the symptoms until the 3rd week, but also inhibited cell membrane permeability, especially after 5 weeks of storage, both 0.5 and 1 mmol·L-1 spermine treatment groups reached significant levels (P<0.05) compared with the control group. In addition, during cold storage, the membrane lipid peroxidation product, including malondialdehyde (MDA) gradually accumulated in vegetable soybean, low concentration of spermine could reduce the lipid peroxidation and decrease MDA accumulation, while high concentration of spermine had a toxic effect. Compared with the control group, 1 mmol·L-1 spermine significantly improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD and SOD) of vegetable soybeans during storage. And meanwhile, spermine treatment also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the sucrose loss of vegetable soybean, fructose and glucose contents in spermine-treated vegetable soybean grains were lower than the control group, but the concentration differences among all treatment groups were not significant (P>0.05) during the whole storage period. Through the correlation analysis between soluble sugars contents and sucrose metabolism related enzyme activities in vegetable soybean grains during cold storage, it indicated that sucrose content had a significant negative correlation (P<0.01) with AI activity, but a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with SPS activity, and no significant correlation with NI and SS activities, which meant AI and SPS played a key role in sucrose degradation of vegetable soybean during cold storage, exogenous spermine effectively inhibited the sucrose loss by regulating the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in vegetable soybean.[Conclusion] Spermine effectively delayed the chilling injury of vegetable soybean during storage at 1℃, and a dose of 1 mmol·L-1 could be an effective treatment. Sucrose loss might cause the aggravated chilling injury, while spermine maintained higher sucrose content by simultaneously inhibiting the increase of AI activity and the decrease of SPS activity in vegetable soybean during cold storage.