CAJ | 학술논문

水环境质量的评价对判断水体的污染状况、程度和成因有着重要意义，并为水资源管理、水资源可持续利用和水污染控制提供决策依据.以广州市环境质量报告和统计年鉴数据为基础，利用单因子指数法和水质污染综合指数法，对19852010年间的珠江广州城区段的水环境质量演化状况进行了长时间序列的研究.结果表明：1）珠江广州城区段的水环境质量大致经历了水体污染-污染加剧-水质波动-逐步改善几个阶段.严重污染状况大致出现在19902005年，其中20002005年为波动阶段.波动阶段大量城市水环境综合治理工程密集开展，2005年之后水质状况出现较大改善；2）珠江广州城区段水污染以石油类和有机污染为主，氨氮污染最为严重，2005年其浓度为3.25 mg/L，超过Ⅲ类水体标准的300%以上；3）生活源污染是广州水质变化的主要因素.氨氮的超标主要源自生活污水的排放，这跟区域内人口规模、居民生活方式及畜禽水产养殖等氨氮排放有关.未来珠江广州城区段水环境治理在巩固工业源污染治理的同时，须加强生活污染的治理.①
수배경질량적평개대판단수체적오염상황、정도화성인유착중요의의，병위수자원관리、수자원가지속이용화수오염공제제공결책의거.이엄주시배경질량보고화통계년감수거위기출，이용단인자지수법화수질오염종합지수법，대19852010년간적주강엄주성구단적수배경질량연화상황진행료장시간서렬적연구.결과표명：1）주강엄주성구단적수배경질량대치경력료수체오염-오염가극-수질파동-축보개선궤개계단.엄중오염상황대치출현재19902005년，기중20002005년위파동계단.파동계단대량성시수배경종합치리공정밀집개전，2005년지후수질상황출현교대개선；2）주강엄주성구단수오염이석유류화유궤오염위주，안담오염최위엄중，2005년기농도위3.25 mg/L，초과Ⅲ류수체표준적300%이상；3）생활원오염시엄주수질변화적주요인소.안담적초표주요원자생활오수적배방，저근구역내인구규모、거민생활방식급축금수산양식등안담배방유관.미래주강엄주성구단수배경치리재공고공업원오염치리적동시，수가강생활오염적치리.①
The evaluation of water quality is significant to judge the status,the degree and the causes of water pollution,which can provides the decision-making in water resources management,sustainable utilization of water resources and water pollution control. Based on Guangzhou’s environmental quality report and the data collected from statistical yearbook,we evaluate the water quality by using single gene index method and complex pollution indices method in the Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River during 1985 2010.The results showed that:1)The water quality of the Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River experience four phrases,water pollution-pollution aggravation-water quality fluctuation-improved gradually. The water body was heavily polluted during 1995 2000. It fluctuated during 2000 2005,in which a large number of urban water environment comprehensive treatment projects carried out. The water quality improved greatly after 2005. 2) The water pollution of the Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River is mainly petroleum and organic pollution , and ammonia-nitrogen pollution is most serious. Its concentration is 3.25 mg/L in 2005. 3)The water pollution is closely related to the human activities. So,the water quality management should treat the pollution caused by industry. And at the same time,the control of the domestic pollution should be paid more attention in the future.