CAJ | 학술논문

目的：探讨未成年少女避孕知识、态度、行为的特点及相关影响因素。方法2012年1月至2013年1月采用自行设计的问卷对杭州市下城区妇幼保健院妇科门诊的128例因意外怀孕要求终止妊娠的未成年少女（年龄＜19岁）进行避孕知识、行为及态度的调查。结果调查对象避孕知识得分为8～15分，平均（12．85±2．12）分，（满分20分）。避孕行为方面：首次性行为应用避孕措施者78例（60．94％）；近12个月持续应用避孕措施者仅35例（27．34％）；避孕措施以避孕套为主。避孕态度方面：104例（81．25％）认为有必要了解避孕知识；74例（57．81％）认为应优先考虑方便的避孕方式；认为以不妨碍双方感觉为重的有28例（21．87％）；而认为确保避孕效果的仅有12例（9．37％）。被调查者的避孕知识主要源自网络、传媒，而来自于学校及家人者仅占7．81％、6．25％。影响妊娠少女近12个月避孕措施应用的主要原因是抱着侥幸心理。影响少女重复流产的因素包括流产后医护人员健康教育、家庭生殖健康教育、学校生殖健康教育及男伴避孕知识掌握程度（χ2值分别为14．47、17．55、19．68、27．22，均P＜0．05）。结论学校、家庭对少女缺乏性及避孕知识教育是导致少女意外妊娠的主要原因。首次人流手术后加强少女及其伴侣避孕知识的宣教，改善其性行为态度可降低少女再次意外妊娠发生率。
목적：탐토미성년소녀피잉지식、태도、행위적특점급상관영향인소。방법2012년1월지2013년1월채용자행설계적문권대항주시하성구부유보건원부과문진적128례인의외부잉요구종지임신적미성년소녀（년령＜19세）진행피잉지식、행위급태도적조사。결과조사대상피잉지식득분위8～15분，평균（12．85±2．12）분，（만분20분）。피잉행위방면：수차성행위응용피잉조시자78례（60．94％）；근12개월지속응용피잉조시자부35례（27．34％）；피잉조시이피잉투위주。피잉태도방면：104례（81．25％）인위유필요료해피잉지식；74례（57．81％）인위응우선고필방편적피잉방식；인위이불방애쌍방감각위중적유28례（21．87％）；이인위학보피잉효과적부유12례（9．37％）。피조사자적피잉지식주요원자망락、전매，이래자우학교급가인자부점7．81％、6．25％。영향임신소녀근12개월피잉조시응용적주요원인시포착요행심리。영향소녀중복유산적인소포괄유산후의호인원건강교육、가정생식건강교육、학교생식건강교육급남반피잉지식장악정도（χ2치분별위14．47、17．55、19．68、27．22，균P＜0．05）。결론학교、가정대소녀결핍성급피잉지식교육시도치소녀의외임신적주요원인。수차인류수술후가강소녀급기반려피잉지식적선교，개선기성행위태도가강저소녀재차의외임신발생솔。
Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on contraception and related influencing factors of underage girls.Methods From January 2012 to January 2013, 128 underage girls ( <19 years) with unwanted pregnancy requiring to terminate pregnancy at outpatient department of Maternal and Child Health Care of Xiacheng District were surveyed with questionnaires on KAP on contraception.ResultsThe average score of contraceptive knowledge was 8 to 15 (full score was 20), with an average score of 12.85 ±2.12.There were 78 cases (60.94%) with contraceptive measures at first sexual behavior, only 35 cases (27.34%) with continuous contraceptive measures in last 12 months, and condom was the major method.Totally 104 cases (81.25%) considered that they should understand contraceptive knowledge, and 74 cases (57.81%) paid more attention to convenient contraceptive method.There were 28 cases (21.87%) putting emphasis on not disturbance of feeling, and only 12 cases (9.37%) thought that contraceptive effect should be considered.Most of contraceptive knowledge were from network and media, and that from school and family members only accounted 7.81%and 6.25%, respectively.The major cause of influencing contraceptive method in last 12 months was lucky idea.The influencing factors of repeated abortion included health education from medical staff, reproductive health education from family and school, and the contraception knowledge of male partner (χ2 value was 14.47, 17.55, 19.68 and 27.22, respectively, all P<0.05).Conclusion Lack of education on sexual and contraceptive knowledge from school and family is the major cause of unwanted pregnancy of underage girls.The incidence of unintended pregnancy can be reduced by enhancing contraceptive education for underage girls and their sexual partners after first artificial abortion and by improving their attitude towards sexual behavior.