CAJ | 학술논문

该文旨在探讨接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）对柳枝稷青贮效果的影响。以营养生长阶段的柳枝稷为原料，分别接种1 OD600/kg鲜质量的SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum，以不接菌的处理作为对照。在发酵第3、10、20和30天开罐取样进行检测分析发酵饲料品质，通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定体外瘤胃发酵参数的变化，并运用高通量测序技术分析原料和青贮料的细菌多样性。结果表明：接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum均能有效抑制Enterobacter和Clostridium，使Lactobacillus成为控制发酵的优势菌，加快青贮过程中pH值的下降速率，提高柳枝稷青贮饲料品质，并提高柳枝稷青贮料的瘤胃发酵效果，复合菌系SGL比纯培养的Lactobacillus Plantarum的效果更突出。
해문지재탐토접충유산균복합계SGL화식물유간균（Lactobacillus plantarum）대류지직청저효과적영향。이영양생장계단적류지직위원료，분별접충1 OD600/kg선질량적SGL화Lactobacillus Plantarum，이불접균적처리작위대조。재발효제3、10、20화30천개관취양진행검측분석발효사료품질，통과단기인공류위기술측정체외류위발효삼수적변화，병운용고통량측서기술분석원료화청저료적세균다양성。결과표명：접충유산균복합계SGL화Lactobacillus Plantarum균능유효억제Enterobacter화Clostridium，사Lactobacillus성위공제발효적우세균，가쾌청저과정중pH치적하강속솔，제고류지직청저사료품질，병제고류지직청저료적류위발효효과，복합균계SGL비순배양적Lactobacillus Plantarum적효과경돌출。
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) is a warm-season perennial bunchgrass, and the crude protein content of its whole pant is higher than the whole plant of soybean. It is a kind of excellent grass as a livestock feed, which not only has high yield and outstanding quality, but also shows very strong tolerance or resistance to the adverse environment. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are often added to forage crops for improving the silage fermentation at the ensiling period, and LAB community has been widely used to prepare the fermented feed, such as alfalfa, crop stalks, bagasse and manioc waste. However, few studies have been done about the effect of LAB on the characteristics of switchgrass silage. Considering the selectivity of inoculants, a stable LAB community named SGL was detected from switchgrass silage by continuous restricted subcultivation. The results of the pyrosequencing showed that the major components in the SGL wereLactobacillus nantensis (78.78%),Lactobacillus plantarum (7.92%),Lactobacillus panthers(5.27%),Bacillus coagulans(4.41%) andLactococcus lactic(3.31%), of whichLactobacillus plantarum (LP) is one of the most frequently used LAB species. The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the SGL community or a single componentLactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation, microbial diversity and rumen fermentation of the resulting silage. Switchgrass was harvested by hand in mid-June when it was just in the vegetative growth stage (26.43% dry matter), and chopped to about 1.5 cm with a laboratory type chopper. The chopped forages were ensiled in 2 L anaerobic jars in the following treatments: control that is untreated, SGL and LP. SGL and LP were both applied in the same quantity of distilled water (10 mL solution per kg forage) at the dose of 1 OD600/kg of fresh forage. The control also received 10 mL water per kg forage forage. Three jars per treatment were sampled on the 3rd, 10th, 20th and 30th day after ensiling, for chemical and microbiological analysis. At the end of the ensiling period, i.e. the 30th day, the silages were subjected to an artificial rumen fermentation and an aerobic stability test at 25℃. The results indicated that the inoculation with SGL and LP both improved the fermentation, promoted the decline of pH value, decreased the concentration of NH3-N and butyrate acid, increased the concentration of lactic acid and crude protein in the silage, but decreased the concentration of acetic acid and reduced the aerobic stability. The 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used to analyze the community of the resulting silage, and the results indicated that the diversity of microorganisms among different treatments had significant difference (P<0.05).Lactobacillus was the advantageous species, and Enterobacter were inhibited effectively in both SGL and LP. Rumen fermentation characteristics were determined by 48 h artificial rumen technique, and the results showed that the inoculation with LAB improved thein vitro dry matter digestibility, pH value, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were all within normal limits, and the total VFA concentration was SGL>LP>CK, so was the acetic acid and propionic acid. However, the addition of community SGL decreased the pH value more rapidly and had better effects on both silage quality and rumen fermentation, when compared with the single component LP. For SGL consists of variety of components, the interaction mechanism of components during the silage fermentation and the effect of switchgrass silages treated with SGL on the performance of the livestock need more study.