CAJ | 학술논문

为深入研究酿酒葡萄果-蒂振动分离特性，寻求影响分离效果因素的最优组合，该文基于酿酒葡萄做变速运动产生惯性力克服葡萄果-蒂连接力实现分离的原理，搭建了曲柄摇杆机构分离率测定装置。通过对曲柄摇杆机构运动及果-蒂分离临界条件的分析，构建了果-蒂振动分离模型，确定电机转速、偏心距离及摇杆长度为主要影响因素，并针对霞多丽和赤霞珠品种开展试验研究。结果表明：影响酿酒葡萄分离率显著因子的主次顺序为偏心距离、摇杆长度和电机转速；赤霞珠品种较霞多丽品种更适合机械采收；当转速为245 r/min，偏心距离为75 mm，摇杆长度为200 mm时，赤霞珠分离率为95.2%，葡萄果-蒂分离的频率范围为2.11～3.69 Hz，葡萄穗梗处的振幅为169.8 mm。该文研究结果可为酿酒葡萄收获装置的设计提供理论依据。
위심입연구양주포도과-체진동분리특성，심구영향분리효과인소적최우조합，해문기우양주포도주변속운동산생관성력극복포도과-체련접력실현분리적원리，탑건료곡병요간궤구분리솔측정장치。통과대곡병요간궤구운동급과-체분리림계조건적분석，구건료과-체진동분리모형，학정전궤전속、편심거리급요간장도위주요영향인소，병침대하다려화적하주품충개전시험연구。결과표명：영향양주포도분리솔현저인자적주차순서위편심거리、요간장도화전궤전속；적하주품충교하다려품충경괄합궤계채수；당전속위245 r/min，편심거리위75 mm，요간장도위200 mm시，적하주분리솔위95.2%，포도과-체분리적빈솔범위위2.11～3.69 Hz，포도수경처적진폭위169.8 mm。해문연구결과가위양주포도수획장치적설계제공이론의거。
Grape variety is plentiful, and can be divided into wine grape and table grapes in general. Xinjiang, Bordeaux and California are called the "grape plant heaven". However, the wine grape is still hand-harvested, moreover labor cost for harvesting is more than 50% of the total cost during production period. Fruit-pedicle separation is a key link in the mechanized harvesting. Grape reciprocate swinging according to a certain frequency and amplitude is inspired by oscillating mechanism, then the resulted inertia force can eliminate the fruit-pedicle connection force to realize fruit-pedicle separation. Normal inertial force plays the major role in grape and pedicle separation. For this experiment, vibration separating test device base on crank and rocker mechanism was designed and built. Eccentric disc was driven by motor, making grapes clamping on the rocker swing. The fruit- pedicel vibration separation model was built. Movement path and velocity were obtained by analyzing the movement of the crank rocker mechanism. Fruit-pedicle separation amplitude equation was gained by analyzing the fruit-pedicle separation conditions. At the same time, the main influence factors of separation, motor speed, eccentric distance and vibration rocker length were determined through the analysis of the models. The experimental study on grape was carried out. Using Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon planted in Xinjiang Shihezi city, 152 groups of grapes were selected as samples. The sampling dates were respectively on September 9 and 14, 2014. The sample selection was based on grape average value of mass and length. The wine grape samples after taken were refrigerated rapidly to retain freshness. Notation was used to calculate the rate of grape separation with the formula. Experiment factors levels was achieved on the basis of preliminary experiment, and L9 (34) orthogonal test plan was designed. Each test group was replicated three times, and the average value of three replicates was used as the test group result. Grape peduncle was fixed on the dynamic and settled fixture of the vibration separate test device. And vibration time was 10 s. Visual and variance analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Observation from the experiment indicated that eccentric distance, rocker length and motor speed affected the separating effect of Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in primary and secondary. Analysis of variance showed that eccentric distance and rocker arm length influenced separation rate was significant, and motor speed affected significantly for Chardonnay, but not for Cabernet Sauvignon. The observation from the experiment and variance analysis of data were consistent. Cabernet sauvignon exceeding Chardonnay in mechanical separation rate was achieved by analyzing the influencing factors that controlled the separation rate. Therefore, Cabernet sauvignon was more suitable for mechanical harvest. The separation rate of optimal parameters that the motor speed was 245 r/min, eccentric distance was 75 mm, and vibration rocker length was 200 mm. These parameters were verified. The result showed the separation rate of wine grape was 95.2%. The range of grape vibration frequency was 2.11 to 3.69 Hz and grape peduncle amplitude was 169.8 mm. All of those were achieved by putting the optimal parameters in motion analysis and fruit-pedicle separation condition. The study could provide a reference to the design and optimization of wine grape harvester.