农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
9期
25-31
,共7页
付威%罗锡文%曾山%王在满%王传雯%袁琦堡
付威%囉錫文%曾山%王在滿%王傳雯%袁琦堡
부위%라석문%증산%왕재만%왕전문%원기보
农业机械%可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)%控制系统%电液比例%水稻旱穴播机%穴距控制%精量播种
農業機械%可編程邏輯控製器(PLC)%控製繫統%電液比例%水稻旱穴播機%穴距控製%精量播種
농업궤계%가편정라집공제기(PLC)%공제계통%전액비례%수도한혈파궤%혈거공제%정량파충
agricultural machinery%programmable logic controllers(PLC)%control systems%electro-hydraulic proportional%rice hill-drop drilling machine for dry land%hill distance control%precision sowing
针对目前国内水稻精量旱穴播机普遍采用多组链轮或多组齿轮改变传动比,实现株(穴)距调节,但株距调节范围有限的问题,为了增加穴距调节范围,实现穴距的无级调节,研制了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器(programmable logic controller,PLC)与触摸屏的电液比例控制系统,实时调整液压马达转速,实现播种作业的实时调节。液压系统主要由液泵、液压马达和比例流量阀等组成;控制系统通过Delt WPLSoft V2.37编程软件,编制PLC梯形图程序,采用监视与控制通用系统(monitor and control generated system,MCGS)组态软件开发出人机交互界面,可在交互界面上输入地轮直径大小和穴距,以及设定比例流量阀初始值和阈值,调整比例积分微分(proportion integration differentiation,PID)参数,并通过人机交互界面实现播种作业时的穴距调节和作业速度监测。通过台架试验和田间试验表明,在作业速度2.8~3.2和>3.2~3.6 km/h时,台架试验穴距合格率和田间试验播种穴距合格率均为100%,满足播种要求;在作业速度>3.6~4 km/h范围内,台架试验穴距合格率达到89%,田间试验穴距合格率为70%,根据NY/T987-2006《铺膜穴播机作业质量》农业行业标准,田间试验穴距合格率<80%,不能满足穴播机作业质量标准。研究结果表明,水稻精量旱穴播机选用型孔轮式排种器,但田间播种作业成穴性效果受风阻、机架振动和种子下落速度等影响较大,作业速度应控制在2.8~3.6 km/h为宜,当作业速度增大对成穴性影响尤为显著。台架试验和田间试验结果都表明电液比例控制穴距系统的可行性,为播种机株(穴)距调节技术提供了科学依据,为播种机的相关设计研究提供技术参考。
針對目前國內水稻精量旱穴播機普遍採用多組鏈輪或多組齒輪改變傳動比,實現株(穴)距調節,但株距調節範圍有限的問題,為瞭增加穴距調節範圍,實現穴距的無級調節,研製瞭一種基于可編程邏輯控製器(programmable logic controller,PLC)與觸摸屏的電液比例控製繫統,實時調整液壓馬達轉速,實現播種作業的實時調節。液壓繫統主要由液泵、液壓馬達和比例流量閥等組成;控製繫統通過Delt WPLSoft V2.37編程軟件,編製PLC梯形圖程序,採用鑑視與控製通用繫統(monitor and control generated system,MCGS)組態軟件開髮齣人機交互界麵,可在交互界麵上輸入地輪直徑大小和穴距,以及設定比例流量閥初始值和閾值,調整比例積分微分(proportion integration differentiation,PID)參數,併通過人機交互界麵實現播種作業時的穴距調節和作業速度鑑測。通過檯架試驗和田間試驗錶明,在作業速度2.8~3.2和>3.2~3.6 km/h時,檯架試驗穴距閤格率和田間試驗播種穴距閤格率均為100%,滿足播種要求;在作業速度>3.6~4 km/h範圍內,檯架試驗穴距閤格率達到89%,田間試驗穴距閤格率為70%,根據NY/T987-2006《鋪膜穴播機作業質量》農業行業標準,田間試驗穴距閤格率<80%,不能滿足穴播機作業質量標準。研究結果錶明,水稻精量旱穴播機選用型孔輪式排種器,但田間播種作業成穴性效果受風阻、機架振動和種子下落速度等影響較大,作業速度應控製在2.8~3.6 km/h為宜,噹作業速度增大對成穴性影響尤為顯著。檯架試驗和田間試驗結果都錶明電液比例控製穴距繫統的可行性,為播種機株(穴)距調節技術提供瞭科學依據,為播種機的相關設計研究提供技術參攷。
침대목전국내수도정량한혈파궤보편채용다조련륜혹다조치륜개변전동비,실현주(혈)거조절,단주거조절범위유한적문제,위료증가혈거조절범위,실현혈거적무급조절,연제료일충기우가편정라집공제기(programmable logic controller,PLC)여촉모병적전액비례공제계통,실시조정액압마체전속,실현파충작업적실시조절。액압계통주요유액빙、액압마체화비례류량벌등조성;공제계통통과Delt WPLSoft V2.37편정연건,편제PLC제형도정서,채용감시여공제통용계통(monitor and control generated system,MCGS)조태연건개발출인궤교호계면,가재교호계면상수입지륜직경대소화혈거,이급설정비례류량벌초시치화역치,조정비례적분미분(proportion integration differentiation,PID)삼수,병통과인궤교호계면실현파충작업시적혈거조절화작업속도감측。통과태가시험화전간시험표명,재작업속도2.8~3.2화>3.2~3.6 km/h시,태가시험혈거합격솔화전간시험파충혈거합격솔균위100%,만족파충요구;재작업속도>3.6~4 km/h범위내,태가시험혈거합격솔체도89%,전간시험혈거합격솔위70%,근거NY/T987-2006《포막혈파궤작업질량》농업행업표준,전간시험혈거합격솔<80%,불능만족혈파궤작업질량표준。연구결과표명,수도정량한혈파궤선용형공륜식배충기,단전간파충작업성혈성효과수풍조、궤가진동화충자하락속도등영향교대,작업속도응공제재2.8~3.6 km/h위의,당작업속도증대대성혈성영향우위현저。태가시험화전간시험결과도표명전액비례공제혈거계통적가행성,위파충궤주(혈)거조절기술제공료과학의거,위파충궤적상관설계연구제공기술삼고。
Rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land uses fixed hill spacing to achieve the orderly planting of crops and attain good ventilating and day-lighting effects in the rice field. Meanwhile, the technique is beneficial to improve the root growth and root structure, and increase the lodging resistance. At present, the planting machine in China generally adopts groups of sprockets or groups of gears to change the transmission ratio and realize the adjustment of hill spacing. However, by using the machine available, the adjustment range of hill spacing is very limited. In order to increase the adjustment range of hill spacing and realize the stepless regulation of hill spacing, an automatic electro-hydraulic proportion regulation system was developed based on the programmable logic controller (PLC) and the touch screen, which could realize the real-time adjustment of the hydraulic motor speed and the planting operation together. In the regulation system, the hydraulic unit was mainly composed of liquid pump, hydraulic motor and proportional flow valve and so on. Simultaneously, the PLC ladder diagram procedure was programmed by the Delt WPLSoft V2.37 programming software, and the man-machine interface was developed by using the monitor and control generated system (MCGS) configuration software. Through the man-machine interface developed, the diameter of land wheel and the hill spacing value could be inputted, the initial values and the threshold of proportional flow valves could be set to adjust proportion integration differentiation (PID) parameters, and the adjustment of hill spacing and the monitoring of operation speed could be realized. As demonstrated by the bench test and field test, on one hand, it was found that when working within the speed ranges of 2.8-3.2 and >3.2-3.6 km/h, the qualified rates of hill spacing in both tests had reached 100%, which met the requirements of sowing; on the other hand, when working within the speed range of >3.6-4 km/h, the qualified rates of hill spacing in both tests were 89% and 70%, respectively. According to “The operation quality of the film-covering hill-drop drilling machine” (NY/T987-2006) – the standard of the agricultural industry, within the speed range of >3.6-4 km/h, the qualified rate in the field test was below 80%, and it failed to meet the requirements of the operating quality of film-covering hill-drop drilling. It could be concluded that when rice precision hill-drop drilling technique in dry land chose the type hole-wheel seed-metering device, the effect of hill formation in the field test was influenced to somewhat higher extent by the wind resistance, frame vibration and falling velocity of seeds and so on, and the operation speed should be controlled within the range of 2.8-3.6 km/h, for the higher the speed was, the more obvious the influence on the hill formation performance would be. Both of the results of the bench test and field test demonstrated that the electro-hydraulic proportion regulation system was feasible for the rice hill spacing adjustment. The research can provide the theoretical basis for the hill spacing adjustment technique of planting machine and the technical reference for the related design of planting machine.