CAJ | 학술논문

为探明不同耕作方式下土壤硬度变化特征，以始于1983年长期定位不同耕作方式土壤为研究对象，采用土壤硬度仪观测免耕（no-tillage，NT）、翻耕（plow tillage，PT）、间隔深松（spacing tillage，ST）和传统耕作（conventional tillage， CT）不同年份、季节、土壤剖面及冻融前后土壤硬度，研究不同耕作方式对土壤硬度的影响。结果表明：免耕增加了耕层0～25 cm土壤硬度，而土层＞25～45 cm免耕硬度显著降低（P＜0.05），但传统耕作硬度有增加趋势，间隔深松和翻耕硬度明显低于免耕和传统耕作（P＜0.05）；不同耕作方式土壤硬度随季节的推移呈波动性变化，0～25和＞25～45cm变化趋势基本一致；土壤硬度随土壤深度的增加而增加，上层明显低于下层（P＜0.05），不同时期变化不同，前期随深度增加到20cm处呈垂直变化，而后期随深度增加呈反“S”型曲线变化；冻融交替作用可以有效降低土壤硬度，缓解冻融后土壤硬度，间隔深松降幅最大为148.97%，其次为免耕和翻耕，降幅分别为41.96%和58.44%，传统耕作降幅最小仅为3.38%。综合分析认为，间隔深松耕作是改善土壤硬度，提高土壤宜耕性的有效耕作方法。该研究可为东北雨养农业区构建合理耕层和确定适宜的耕作技术提供科学依据。
위탐명불동경작방식하토양경도변화특정，이시우1983년장기정위불동경작방식토양위연구대상，채용토양경도의관측면경（no-tillage，NT）、번경（plow tillage，PT）、간격심송（spacing tillage，ST）화전통경작（conventional tillage， CT）불동년빈、계절、토양부면급동융전후토양경도，연구불동경작방식대토양경도적영향。결과표명：면경증가료경층0～25 cm토양경도，이토층＞25～45 cm면경경도현저강저（P＜0.05），단전통경작경도유증가추세，간격심송화번경경도명현저우면경화전통경작（P＜0.05）；불동경작방식토양경도수계절적추이정파동성변화，0～25화＞25～45cm변화추세기본일치；토양경도수토양심도적증가이증가，상층명현저우하층（P＜0.05），불동시기변화불동，전기수심도증가도20cm처정수직변화，이후기수심도증가정반“S”형곡선변화；동융교체작용가이유효강저토양경도，완해동융후토양경도，간격심송강폭최대위148.97%，기차위면경화번경，강폭분별위41.96%화58.44%，전통경작강폭최소부위3.38%。종합분석인위，간격심송경작시개선토양경도，제고토양의경성적유효경작방법。해연구가위동북우양농업구구건합리경층화학정괄의적경작기술제공과학의거。
Soil tillage is closely related to creating favorable conditions for crop growth and ensuring crop yield. One of the main goals of soil tillage is influencing the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. One of the basic soil properties affected by tillage is the soil compaction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of no tillage (NT), plow tillage (PT), spacing tillage (ST) and conventional tillage (CT) on the soil compaction from annual and seasonal changes, soil profile characteristics and seasonal freezing-thawing for a productive soil. The field experiment was initiated in Gongzhuling County, Jilin Province in 1983, which was to determine the effects of various rotation and tillage combinations on crop yield and soil physical and chemical properties. The soil of the experimental site was silt loam, which was well-drained soil developed mainly from glacial tillage. The experiment design was a completely random block design with 3 replications. The plot was 150 m long and 8 m wide (1 200 m2). We measured the soil compaction change in different years and seasons with SC-900 soil compaction meter. The results showed that no tillage increased the soil compaction in 0-25 cm depth significantly(P<0.05) compared with other tillage methods, and decreased the soil compaction in 25-45 cm depth significantly(P<0.05) while conventional tillage increased the soil compaction in the depth of 25-45 cm. The soil compaction by spacing tillage and plow tillage were lower than no tillage and conventional tillage significantly(P<0.05). The soil compaction of different tillage methods changed with different seasonal periods, the change trends of 0-25 and 25-45 cm were the same, and the soil compaction on August 10th was higher than other dates. The soil compaction of different tillage methods increased with the increase of soil depth, which meant the soil compaction of upper layer was less than lower layer significantly(P<0.05). The profiles with different tillage methods changed with time. The change of soil compaction showed a linear increase with the depth under 20 cm in the early stage of crop growth, and the change was like reverse “S” shape in the mid-to-late stage of crop growth. The freezing-thawing decreased the soil compaction of different tillage methods significantly(P<0.05). The decline of soil compaction was 148.97%, 41.96%, 58.44% and 3.38% under spacing tillage, no tillage, plow tillage and conventional tillage, individually. So, spacing tillage was an effective tillage method for decreasing the soil compaction. The adoption of spacing tillage in the semi-humid zone of Jilin Province could be beneficial to soil conservation by decreasing soil compaction, controlling erosion and improving soil structure, et al. Our study can be helpful to the promotion of the new tillage technology in northeast China for developing the sustainable agriculture.