农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
9期
107-113
,共7页
胁迫%干旱%细胞%水稻%旱涝交替胁迫%分蘖期%根%解剖结构
脅迫%榦旱%細胞%水稻%旱澇交替脅迫%分蘗期%根%解剖結構
협박%간한%세포%수도%한로교체협박%분얼기%근%해부결구
stresses%drought%cells%rice%alternative stress of drought and waterlogging%tillering stage%root%anatomical structure
通过盆栽试验，研究了水稻分蘖期旱-涝-旱交替胁迫对根解剖结构的影响。本试验主要通过不同程度的旱胁迫（重旱，A1和轻旱，A2）和重涝胁迫（保持15 cm水层，B）分3个阶段交替进行，分析各个阶段水稻根的中柱、通气组织、根外层细胞发育及根外层厚度与常规灌溉之间的差异，探讨旱-涝-旱交替胁迫对水稻抗涝性的影响。结果表明，第Ⅰ阶段干旱胁迫（A1和A2处理）能促使根形成发达的通气组织，且形成时间早于常规灌溉（C），A1和A2处理根外层厚度显著高于C处理。第Ⅰ阶段重旱胁迫对第Ⅱ阶段涝胁迫（重旱-重涝处理，A1B）根解剖结构产生明显的影响，A1B处理通气组织较早形成，其导管直径、总面积和中柱面积分别较常规灌溉（CC）增加了43.3%、52.8%、76.5%，而第Ⅱ阶段淹涝条件下（常规灌溉-重涝处理，CB）根仅形成了少量的通气组织。第Ⅲ阶段涝胁迫后再经历旱胁迫（重旱-重涝-重旱处理， A1BA1和轻旱-重涝-轻旱处理，A2BA2），根解剖结构表现与第Ⅰ阶段旱胁迫相似。可见，短期旱胁迫可促进根系通气组织的发育，而不会造成水稻耐涝能力的降低。该研究可为水稻蓄水控灌技术提供理论依据。
通過盆栽試驗，研究瞭水稻分蘗期旱-澇-旱交替脅迫對根解剖結構的影響。本試驗主要通過不同程度的旱脅迫（重旱，A1和輕旱，A2）和重澇脅迫（保持15 cm水層，B）分3箇階段交替進行，分析各箇階段水稻根的中柱、通氣組織、根外層細胞髮育及根外層厚度與常規灌溉之間的差異，探討旱-澇-旱交替脅迫對水稻抗澇性的影響。結果錶明，第Ⅰ階段榦旱脅迫（A1和A2處理）能促使根形成髮達的通氣組織，且形成時間早于常規灌溉（C），A1和A2處理根外層厚度顯著高于C處理。第Ⅰ階段重旱脅迫對第Ⅱ階段澇脅迫（重旱-重澇處理，A1B）根解剖結構產生明顯的影響，A1B處理通氣組織較早形成，其導管直徑、總麵積和中柱麵積分彆較常規灌溉（CC）增加瞭43.3%、52.8%、76.5%，而第Ⅱ階段淹澇條件下（常規灌溉-重澇處理，CB）根僅形成瞭少量的通氣組織。第Ⅲ階段澇脅迫後再經歷旱脅迫（重旱-重澇-重旱處理， A1BA1和輕旱-重澇-輕旱處理，A2BA2），根解剖結構錶現與第Ⅰ階段旱脅迫相似。可見，短期旱脅迫可促進根繫通氣組織的髮育，而不會造成水稻耐澇能力的降低。該研究可為水稻蓄水控灌技術提供理論依據。
통과분재시험，연구료수도분얼기한-로-한교체협박대근해부결구적영향。본시험주요통과불동정도적한협박（중한，A1화경한，A2）화중로협박（보지15 cm수층，B）분3개계단교체진행，분석각개계단수도근적중주、통기조직、근외층세포발육급근외층후도여상규관개지간적차이，탐토한-로-한교체협박대수도항로성적영향。결과표명，제Ⅰ계단간한협박（A1화A2처리）능촉사근형성발체적통기조직，차형성시간조우상규관개（C），A1화A2처리근외층후도현저고우C처리。제Ⅰ계단중한협박대제Ⅱ계단로협박（중한-중로처리，A1B）근해부결구산생명현적영향，A1B처리통기조직교조형성，기도관직경、총면적화중주면적분별교상규관개（CC）증가료43.3%、52.8%、76.5%，이제Ⅱ계단엄로조건하（상규관개-중로처리，CB）근부형성료소량적통기조직。제Ⅲ계단로협박후재경력한협박（중한-중로-중한처리， A1BA1화경한-중로-경한처리，A2BA2），근해부결구표현여제Ⅰ계단한협박상사。가견，단기한협박가촉진근계통기조직적발육，이불회조성수도내로능력적강저。해연구가위수도축수공관기술제공이론의거。
In recent years,a new water-saving controlled irrigation technique aiming at more heavy rains in the South of China is proposed. It can reduce irrigation cost and make full use of rainfall, but may lead to alternative stress of drought-waterlogging-drought for rice. It is unclear about the root changes affected by the alternative stress. Therefore, in this study, a pot experiment was carried out to determine the effects of alternative stress of drought and waterlogging at tillering stage on rice root anatomical structure. The differences of root aerenchyma, column, the root epidermal cell development and root epidermal thickness in rice underwaterlogging stress treatments and the conventional irrigation were analyzed. The rice experienced three phases of drought stress (heavy drought A1 and light drought A2) and heavy waterlogging stress (15 cm water layer, B). The results indicated that A1 and A2 promoted development of root aerenchyma earlier than conventional irrigation (C) at stage I of drought stress; The thickness of the outer layer of roots in A1 and A2 treatments were higher than C treatment. A1 at stage I had a significant impact on root anatomical structure of flooding stress at stage II of drought converted to heavy waterlogging (A1B, heavy waterlogging for 5 d at stage II), of which the diameter, total area of tube and the column area increased by 43.3%, 52.8%, 76.5%, respectively, compared to conventional irrigation at stage II (CC); And the number of catheter, catheter area and in the column area of A2B treatment(heavy waterlogging for 5 d at stage II) was lower than that of CC treatment. However, the rice root formed a small amount of aerenchyma under the condition of flooding stress at stageⅡ (CB, heavy waterlogging for 5 d at stage II). Effects of heavy drought and light drought stress at stage III (A1BA1 and A2BA2) after flooding stress on rice root anatomical structure were similar to the effects of drought stress at stage I. A1BA1 formed more gas cavity, and there was still much residual cortex parenchyma cells in cortex; A2BA2 also formed more regular gas cavity. The number of catheter, catheter diameter, vessel area, and the column area of roots in A1BA1 treatment increased by 30.30%, 0.74%, 30.24%, and 52.84% compared with CCC treatment (conventional irrigation at stage III). The number of catheter and columns area of A2BA2 treatment increased compared with CCC treatment, and the catheter number and total area and column area of CBC treatment increased by 30.30%, 5.37% and 14.31%, respectively. Cortical cells of A2BA2 treatment were developed well with thick wall, and cortical cells of CBC treatment were also developed well but partial disordered. Therefore, short-term drought stress could improve the development of root aerenchyma, but could not decrease the waterlogging tolerance of rice. The anatomical changes might express post-effect of drought stress on rice root growth and a certain degree of drought and waterlogging stress played a positive role in improving the ability of late rice. The research could provide a valuble information for water-harvesting and controlled irrigation technology.
