CAJ | 학술논문

水稻覆膜旱作技术具有显著的节水、增温、防污和减排效应，是节水稻作技术体系的重要措施之一，将CERES-Rice模型用于覆膜旱作条件时，必须首先解决覆膜增温效应的准确模拟问题。该文拟应用热量传输理论及目前旱地作物生产系统中采用的覆膜增温效应模拟方法，来模拟水稻覆膜旱作生产体系中的增温效应，从而为完善 CERES-Rice 模型并使其能用于覆膜旱作水稻的生长模拟奠定基础。参数调校与模型检验验证通过2013、2014年在湖北房县开展的2 a水稻覆膜旱作田间试验来进行，共涉及淹水（对照）、覆膜湿润栽培和覆膜旱作共3个水分处理，分别对2个生长季、2个覆膜处理地表5 cm及地下10、20 cm处温度的变化过程进行了模拟，结果表明：经过参数调校后，所建立的覆膜增温模型可较好地模拟覆膜稻田地表和剖面上土壤温度的变化规律，地表5 cm处土壤温度模拟值与实测值的均方根差、相对均方根差分别低于1.8℃和10%，相关系数在0.89以上（P＜0.01）；尽管地下10、20 cm处的模拟误差稍大，也基本可满足要求，相应的均方根误差＜3.2℃，相对均方根差＜15%，相关系数＞0.65（P＜0.01）。
수도복막한작기술구유현저적절수、증온、방오화감배효응，시절수도작기술체계적중요조시지일，장CERES-Rice모형용우복막한작조건시，필수수선해결복막증온효응적준학모의문제。해문의응용열량전수이론급목전한지작물생산계통중채용적복막증온효응모의방법，래모의수도복막한작생산체계중적증온효응，종이위완선 CERES-Rice 모형병사기능용우복막한작수도적생장모의전정기출。삼수조교여모형검험험증통과2013、2014년재호북방현개전적2 a수도복막한작전간시험래진행，공섭급엄수（대조）、복막습윤재배화복막한작공3개수분처리，분별대2개생장계、2개복막처리지표5 cm급지하10、20 cm처온도적변화과정진행료모의，결과표명：경과삼수조교후，소건립적복막증온모형가교호지모의복막도전지표화부면상토양온도적변화규률，지표5 cm처토양온도모의치여실측치적균방근차、상대균방근차분별저우1.8℃화10%，상관계수재0.89이상（P＜0.01）；진관지하10、20 cm처적모의오차초대，야기본가만족요구，상응적균방근오차＜3.2℃，상대균방근차＜15%，상관계수＞0.65（P＜0.01）。
As one of the most promising water-saving rice production technologies, the ground cover rice production system (GCRPS) has been found to save water application, increase soil temperature, and reduce nitrogen pollution and methane emission. However, the feasibility of CERES-Rice, a software package widely and successfully applied in the traditional paddy rice production system (TPRPS), for simulating the rice growth in the GCRPS still remains unknown and needs further research. Undoubtedly, it should be based on accurately quantifying the effect of soil temperature enhancement caused by the ground cover material (chosen as the plastic film in this study). Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve the two simulation models for both soil surface and subsurface temperatures in CERES-Rice through taking the effect of soil temperature enhancement by the film mulch into consideration. The simulation model of surface soil temperature (at the depth of 5 cm) was referred from other study for dry land crops, and the other one was from CERES-Rice for simulating the subsurface temperatures (at 10 and 20 cm, respectively) in the TPRPS. To justify and rectify the simulation models, we conducted a field experiment in Fangxian, Hubei, China (32°7′N, 110°42′E, altitude 450 m) from 2013 to 2014, covering two growth seasons of rice. Three treatments (named as TPRPS, GCRPSsat and GCRPS80%, respectively) were designed and replicated three times in 9 plots, each with an area of 9×10 m2. A seepage-proof material was laid around each plot to the depth of 80 cm to avoid lateral percolation between neighbor plots. Five soil beds (156 cm wide and 940 cm long) in each plot were built for planting rice, with the space of 26×18 cm2 and at a rate of two plants per hill. Small furrows (15 cm in width and depth) were dug around each soil bed. In the three replicated plots without plastic film for treatment TPRPS, a water layer of 2-5 cm in thickness was always maintained on the soil beds. In the three plots with plastic film for GCRPSsat, the root zone averaged soil water content was kept close to saturation by completely filling the furrows with water but without water layer on the soil beds. The remaining three plots with plastic film for GCRPS80% were managed as the same way as that for GCRPSsat before mid-tillering stage, and then transient irrigation was intermittently implemented through the furrows to keep the root zone averaged soil water content between 80% and 100% field water capacity. Among the two growth seasons, the experimental data obtained in 2013 and 2014 were used to rectify the simulation models and verify the rectified models, respectively. Based on the measured air temperatures, soil water contents, soil physical parameters and organic matter contents, and other related heat coefficients, the changing processes of soil temperature at the depths of 5, 10, and 20 cm in the two GCRPS treatments were simulated using the rectified models. The simulated and measured surface soil temperatures at 5 cm during both growth seasons were in good agreement, with the root mean squared error (RMSE) less than 1.8℃, normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) less than 10%, and correlation coefficient (r) higher than 0.89 (P < 0.01). The simulated subsurface soil temperatures at 10 and 20 cm in 2013 or in 2014 were also within acceptable ranges, with RMSE < 3.2℃, NRMSE < 15%, andr > 0.65 (P < 0.01), respectively, between the measured and simulated values. The rectified models should be helpful to simulate the changing processes of soil temperature or soil heat transfer, and improve CERES-Rice for further evaluating rice growth in the GCRPS.