石油钻探技术
石油鑽探技術
석유찬탐기술
PETROLEUM DRILLING TECHNIQUES
2015年
2期
120-125
,共6页
自动垂直钻井%纠斜机构%重力高边%脉宽调制
自動垂直鑽井%糾斜機構%重力高邊%脈寬調製
자동수직찬정%규사궤구%중력고변%맥관조제
automatic vertical drilling%anti-deviation mechanism%high gravity boundary%pulse width modulation (PWM )
为解决自动防斜垂直钻井系统在井下纠斜时纠斜方位难以准确控制的问题，开展了垂直钻井系统井下纠斜力连续控制的研究。在不改变钻具组合、元件和参数的前提下，建立了钻具导向纠斜机构机电液系统的动力学模型，推导出控制元件二位二通电磁阀在钻杆一个旋转周期内的通断时间与机构输出纠斜力的幅值及钻杆转速之间的函数关系；根据钻杆转速确定脉宽周期 T ，再根据目标纠斜力计算出电磁阀的断电持续时间Δt，在脉宽周期 T内让电磁阀断电Δt ，即可使纠斜机构输出预期的纠斜力。结果表明，试验模拟钻杆转速为65 r／min ，在1个脉宽周期内对电磁阀分别断电50，60或70 ms时，液压缸目标控制压力（即纠斜力）分别稳定在7.0，5.0和3.5 M Pa左右。研究结果表明，采用脉宽调制控制方法调节自动垂直钻具的井下纠斜力，能将纠斜力控制在稳定的目标值。
為解決自動防斜垂直鑽井繫統在井下糾斜時糾斜方位難以準確控製的問題，開展瞭垂直鑽井繫統井下糾斜力連續控製的研究。在不改變鑽具組閤、元件和參數的前提下，建立瞭鑽具導嚮糾斜機構機電液繫統的動力學模型，推導齣控製元件二位二通電磁閥在鑽桿一箇鏇轉週期內的通斷時間與機構輸齣糾斜力的幅值及鑽桿轉速之間的函數關繫；根據鑽桿轉速確定脈寬週期 T ，再根據目標糾斜力計算齣電磁閥的斷電持續時間Δt，在脈寬週期 T內讓電磁閥斷電Δt ，即可使糾斜機構輸齣預期的糾斜力。結果錶明，試驗模擬鑽桿轉速為65 r／min ，在1箇脈寬週期內對電磁閥分彆斷電50，60或70 ms時，液壓缸目標控製壓力（即糾斜力）分彆穩定在7.0，5.0和3.5 M Pa左右。研究結果錶明，採用脈寬調製控製方法調節自動垂直鑽具的井下糾斜力，能將糾斜力控製在穩定的目標值。
위해결자동방사수직찬정계통재정하규사시규사방위난이준학공제적문제，개전료수직찬정계통정하규사력련속공제적연구。재불개변찬구조합、원건화삼수적전제하，건립료찬구도향규사궤구궤전액계통적동역학모형，추도출공제원건이위이통전자벌재찬간일개선전주기내적통단시간여궤구수출규사력적폭치급찬간전속지간적함수관계；근거찬간전속학정맥관주기 T ，재근거목표규사력계산출전자벌적단전지속시간Δt，재맥관주기 T내양전자벌단전Δt ，즉가사규사궤구수출예기적규사력。결과표명，시험모의찬간전속위65 r／min ，재1개맥관주기내대전자벌분별단전50，60혹70 ms시，액압항목표공제압력（즉규사력）분별은정재7.0，5.0화3.5 M Pa좌우。연구결과표명，채용맥관조제공제방법조절자동수직찬구적정하규사력，능장규사력공제재은정적목표치。
For an automatic vertical drilling system ,it is difficult to accurately control the anti‐devia‐tion azimuth downhole .Therefore ,a study was conducted on the continuous control over downhole anti‐de‐viation force of the drilling tool .T he dynamical model of the mechanical‐hydraulic system for the anti‐devi‐ation mechanism was established ,without changing the tool structure ,component and parameters .Using the model ,the function relationship between the on‐off time of the two‐position two‐way solenoid valve in a moment of one revolution of the drill pipe ,the amplitude of the output anti‐deviation force of the mecha‐nism and the rotary speed of the drill pipe was derived .To obtain an expected anti‐deviation force output by the anti‐deviation mechanism ,the duration time Δt for switching off the solenoid valve was calculated by the target anti‐deviation force ,and the pulse width cycle T that determines the Δt was determined by the rotary speed of drill pipe .Accordingly ,the target control pressure of the hydraulic cylinder was respectively stabilized at 7.0 MPa ,5.0 MPa and 3.5 MPa in the experiment when the rotary speed of the drill pipe was set to 65 r/min and the solenoid valve was switched off for 50 ms ,60 ms and 70 ms respectively in one PWM cycle .The results showed that the downhole anti‐deviation force of the automatic vertical drilling sys‐tem could be stabilized at an expected range by PWM control .
