CAJ | 학술논문

A large number of in-situ measurements of cloud-precipitation microphysical properties have been made since 1960, including measurements of particle size distribution, particle concentration, and liquid water content of clouds and rain. These measurements have contributed to considerable progress in understanding microphysical processes in clouds and precipitation and signifi cant improvements in parameterizations of cloud microphysics in numerical models. This work reviews key fi ndings regarding cloud-precipitation mi-crophysics over China. The total number concentrations of various particles vary signifi cantly, with certain characteristic spatial scales. The size distributions of cloud droplets in stratiform clouds can generally be fi t with gamma distributions, but the fi t parameters cover a wide range. Raindrop size distributions (RSDs) associated with stratiform clouds can be fi t with either exponential or gamma distributions, while RSDs associated with convective or mixed stratiform-cumuliform clouds are best fi t with gamma distributions. Concentrations of ice nuclei (IN) over China are higher than those observed over other regions, and increase exponentially as temperature decreases. The particle size distributions of ice crystals, snow crystals, and hailstones sampled at a variety of locations can be reliably approximated by using exponential distributions, while aerosol particle size distributions are best described as the sum of a modifi ed gamma distribution and a Junge power-law distribution. These results are helpful for evaluating and improving the fi delity of physical processes and hydrometeor fi elds simulated by microphysical parameterizations. The comprehensive summary and analysis of previous work presented here also provide useful guidelines for the design of future observational programs.