农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
8期
308-314
,共7页
杨越飞%徐建锋%赖佳佳%郑峰%宋剑斌%杨文斌
楊越飛%徐建鋒%賴佳佳%鄭峰%宋劍斌%楊文斌
양월비%서건봉%뢰가가%정봉%송검빈%양문빈
复合材料%玄武岩%纤维%亚麻纤维%力学性能%动态热机械性能%耐老化性能
複閤材料%玄武巖%纖維%亞痳纖維%力學性能%動態熱機械性能%耐老化性能
복합재료%현무암%섬유%아마섬유%역학성능%동태열궤계성능%내노화성능
composite materials%basalt%fibers%flax fibers%mechanical properties%dynamic mechanical analysis%aging-resistant performance
为了研究玄武岩纤维和亚麻纤维增强不饱和聚酯（unsaturated polyester resin，UP）复合材料的耐候性能，通过人工模拟加速气候箱对混杂复合材料（hybrid composite materials，HCM）进行紫外光和喷凝处理，分析了老化前后对HCM的力学性能、动态热机械性能、吸水性能及微观结构变化的影响。力学测试结果表明，随紫外老化时间增加，H1、H2和H3（玄武岩纤维分别占总纤维质量的20.3%、41.5%和63.7%）的弯曲强度和冲击韧性先增大后降低，其中弯曲强度保持率分别为：62.5%、58.1%和57%；冲击韧性保持率分别为：66.8%、66.7%和53.2%。紫外老化时间对H3的弯曲强度影响显著（P<0.05），而玄武岩纤维含量对HCM的弯曲强度保持率影响不显著（P>0.05）。老化后的HCM的刚性增强，脆性增大，同时界面结合强度变差。老化600 h后，H1、H2和H3的吸水率与未老化相比分别增长了39.1%，44.9%和50.3%。与未老化的HCM相比，老化后亚麻纤维容易脱胶，空隙较多；玄武岩纤维与基体结合紧密，周围出现基体碎片。以上研究结果表明紫外老化使 HCM 进一步固化，力学性能增强；但随老化时间延长，基体发生不可逆硬度增加，脆性使纤维与基体的界面容易出现微裂纹，从而导致 HCM 性能下降；水分对亚麻纤维与基体的界面有影响并对破坏界面过程进行初步探索，验证了水分破坏存在的合理性。以上综合分析表明，H1的耐候性更好，而基体UP的降解将严重影响HCM的耐候性能。
為瞭研究玄武巖纖維和亞痳纖維增彊不飽和聚酯（unsaturated polyester resin，UP）複閤材料的耐候性能，通過人工模擬加速氣候箱對混雜複閤材料（hybrid composite materials，HCM）進行紫外光和噴凝處理，分析瞭老化前後對HCM的力學性能、動態熱機械性能、吸水性能及微觀結構變化的影響。力學測試結果錶明，隨紫外老化時間增加，H1、H2和H3（玄武巖纖維分彆佔總纖維質量的20.3%、41.5%和63.7%）的彎麯彊度和遲擊韌性先增大後降低，其中彎麯彊度保持率分彆為：62.5%、58.1%和57%；遲擊韌性保持率分彆為：66.8%、66.7%和53.2%。紫外老化時間對H3的彎麯彊度影響顯著（P<0.05），而玄武巖纖維含量對HCM的彎麯彊度保持率影響不顯著（P>0.05）。老化後的HCM的剛性增彊，脆性增大，同時界麵結閤彊度變差。老化600 h後，H1、H2和H3的吸水率與未老化相比分彆增長瞭39.1%，44.9%和50.3%。與未老化的HCM相比，老化後亞痳纖維容易脫膠，空隙較多；玄武巖纖維與基體結閤緊密，週圍齣現基體碎片。以上研究結果錶明紫外老化使 HCM 進一步固化，力學性能增彊；但隨老化時間延長，基體髮生不可逆硬度增加，脆性使纖維與基體的界麵容易齣現微裂紋，從而導緻 HCM 性能下降；水分對亞痳纖維與基體的界麵有影響併對破壞界麵過程進行初步探索，驗證瞭水分破壞存在的閤理性。以上綜閤分析錶明，H1的耐候性更好，而基體UP的降解將嚴重影響HCM的耐候性能。
위료연구현무암섬유화아마섬유증강불포화취지（unsaturated polyester resin，UP）복합재료적내후성능，통과인공모의가속기후상대혼잡복합재료（hybrid composite materials，HCM）진행자외광화분응처리，분석료노화전후대HCM적역학성능、동태열궤계성능、흡수성능급미관결구변화적영향。역학측시결과표명，수자외노화시간증가，H1、H2화H3（현무암섬유분별점총섬유질량적20.3%、41.5%화63.7%）적만곡강도화충격인성선증대후강저，기중만곡강도보지솔분별위：62.5%、58.1%화57%；충격인성보지솔분별위：66.8%、66.7%화53.2%。자외노화시간대H3적만곡강도영향현저（P<0.05），이현무암섬유함량대HCM적만곡강도보지솔영향불현저（P>0.05）。노화후적HCM적강성증강，취성증대，동시계면결합강도변차。노화600 h후，H1、H2화H3적흡수솔여미노화상비분별증장료39.1%，44.9%화50.3%。여미노화적HCM상비，노화후아마섬유용역탈효，공극교다；현무암섬유여기체결합긴밀，주위출현기체쇄편。이상연구결과표명자외노화사 HCM 진일보고화，역학성능증강；단수노화시간연장，기체발생불가역경도증가，취성사섬유여기체적계면용역출현미렬문，종이도치 HCM 성능하강；수분대아마섬유여기체적계면유영향병대파배계면과정진행초보탐색，험증료수분파배존재적합이성。이상종합분석표명，H1적내후성경호，이기체UP적강해장엄중영향HCM적내후성능。
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of natural fiber reinforced polymer in many fields due to low density, high specific strength and eco-friendly property. However, the application of composites is faced with difficulties in outdoor environment, such as water absorption, degradation, low mechanic strength and dimensional stability. In order to improve the aging-resistant property of flax fiber fabrics/basalt fiber fabrics reinforced UP (unsaturated polyester resin), the author used the artificial simulating climate box (ultraviolet and condensation) to accelerate ageing process of HCM (hybrid composite materials), which was composed of different sandwich layers and included H1, H2 and H3 representing basalt fiber content of total fibers of 20.3%, 41.5%and 63.7%, respectively. Mechanical properties, DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) performance and microstructure of HCM were affected by basalt fiber content and aging time. The result showed that both flexural strength and impact strength first increased and then decreased with aging time. The retention of flexural strength was 62.5%, 58.1%and 57.0%for H1, H2 and H3, respectively. With regard to impact strength, the figures were 66.8%, 66.7%and 53.2%for H1, H2 and H3, respectively. The results of ANOVA (analysis of variance) and LSD (least-significant difference) illustrated that ultraviolet aging time had significant effects on flexural strength of H3 (P<0.05) while basalt fiber content had not significant effects on flexural strength retention (P>0.05). As ultraviolet aging time increased, rigidity and frangibility of HCM increased gradually. The poor interfacial adhesion was demonstrated between flax fiber and UP by DMA. The result of SEM (scan electron microscope) indicated a poor interfacial adhesion between flax and UP matrix, such as debonding and more voids. However, basalt fibers and UP matrix were combined closely and matrix fragments around basalt fibers were found. The main reason was that hydrogen bond produced after absorbing water destroyed the interface between flax fibers and UP matrix. So process of water damage in the interface was verified by SEM. In conclusion, mechanical properties of HCM increase slightly owing to further solidified substrate. However, with the extension of aging time, irreversible hardening happens to matrix, followed by micro-crack appearing between fiber and matrix, which leads to a decrease in mechanical properties of HCM. In addition, water has significant effect on flax fiber and the mechanism of water damage is approved by SEM results. The manufacture of HCM by using natural degradable fibers is meaningful to environmental protection;on top of that, it can provide the reference to aging-resistance improvement of inorganic fibers/plant fibers reinforced polymer HCM.
