CAJ | 학술논문

为提高水稻覆膜旱直播技术的关键环节膜上覆土质量，试验研究了水稻覆膜播种机的覆土机构性能参数对覆土质量的影响。以播种机前进速度、覆土圆盘直径和覆土圆盘偏角为影响因素，采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计方法，建立了水稻覆膜播种机覆土合格率的数学模型，分析了各机构参数对覆土质量的影响规律。结果表明：在试验参数范围内，各因素对覆土合格率影响程度由高到低依次为前进速度、覆土机构圆盘偏角、覆土机构圆盘直径。当水稻覆膜播种机前进速度为5.3 km/h、覆土圆盘直径为336 mm、覆土圆盘偏角为34°的参数条件下，平均覆土厚度22.44 mm，覆土率100%，平均覆土合格率达到97%，平均出苗合格率达到87%。研究结果为水稻旱直播覆膜播种机的应用和推广提供了技术依据。
위제고수도복막한직파기술적관건배절막상복토질량，시험연구료수도복막파충궤적복토궤구성능삼수대복토질량적영향。이파충궤전진속도、복토원반직경화복토원반편각위영향인소，채용Box-Behnken중심조합시험설계방법，건립료수도복막파충궤복토합격솔적수학모형，분석료각궤구삼수대복토질량적영향규률。결과표명：재시험삼수범위내，각인소대복토합격솔영향정도유고도저의차위전진속도、복토궤구원반편각、복토궤구원반직경。당수도복막파충궤전진속도위5.3 km/h、복토원반직경위336 mm、복토원반편각위34°적삼수조건하，평균복토후도22.44 mm，복토솔100%，평균복토합격솔체도97%，평균출묘합격솔체도87%。연구결과위수도한직파복막파충궤적응용화추엄제공료기술의거。
In recent years, the advantages of rice dry land direct seeding mulching technique have been widely approved in accumulation of effective temperature and increase of rice yield. However, the performance of the machine matched with the novel planting technology need to be further studied. A soil covering mechanism, as the key part of rice film-mulching seeder, was developed to complete the working steps of mulching plastic film, punching holes through film, seeding and covering soil. The soil coving mechanism consists of rack, screw blade, outer wall of roller, supporting shaft, curve surface soil-sampling disk and knuckle mechanic. In order to improve the mulching quality of covering soil on the film in rice dry land direct seeding, a rice field experiment (1 400 m2) was performed to investigate the effect of performance parameters of soil cover mechanism of a rice film-mulching seeder on the indices of the soil-covering at agricultural technology extension center of Raohe County, Heilongjiang Province, China. In the experiment, the working parameters and ranges were determined as follows:the tractor power in range of 24-34 kW, the working speed in range of 3-6 km/h, the diameter and the drift angle of the soil-covering disc of 336 mm and 25°-45°, respectively, the length, diameter and revolving speed of the roller of 1400 mm, 318 mm and 1.1-1.7 r/s, respectively, the soil-discharging hole dimension of 110 mm × 100 mm, the lead angle of 31°, and the hole spacing and hill spacing of 300 and 110 mm, respectively. The forward velocity of the seeder, the diameter and the drift angle of the soil-covering disc were selected as influencing factors, and the soil-covering qualification rate of seeder was selected as the objective index. Box-Behnken central composite design method was employed to establish a model to present the effects of influencing factors on the objective index. In the forward speed of 3-6 km/h, the diameter of the soil-covering disc of 300-350 mm and the dip lead angle of 25°-45°, the qualification rate of soil-covering tended to first increase and then decrease with the increase of the affecting factors, and the forward speed had the most significant effect on the qualification rate of soil-covering, followed by the drift angle of the soil-covering disc, and the diameter of the soil-covering disc was the least. The highest qualified rate was 97%, which was obtained under the optimal working condition with the forward velocity of 5.3 km/h, the soil-covering disk diameter of 336 mm and the drift angle of the soil-covering disc of 34°, with the average soil-covering thickness of 22.44 mm and the soil-covering rate of 100%. According to the requirement of 4-5 grains per hill for dry land direct seeding technology, the qualification rate of dibbling seeding achieved 93%with the seed germination rate of 99.6%and the average germination qualification rate of 87%, and the amplitude of emergence rate affected by soil-covering may be kept below 6%. Therefore, these results verified that the optimal parameters obtained by the test were reliable. This research provides technical basis for the application and promotion of rice film-mulching seeder, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of farmers and improves the working efficiency, and gives the solution for the problems of the inaccurateness of manual operation, poor evenness of soil covering, thickness being not easy to control and unsatisfactory working quality.