CAJ | 학술논문

2014年全球平均表面温度持续偏高，比1961—1990年平均值偏高0．57℃左右，是自1850年有历史记录以来最暖的一年。年内，赤道中东太平洋基本维持暖水状态，全球平均海表面温度突破历史纪录；北极海冰范围仍处于记录中最低水平之一，而南极海冰范围再创历史新高。受大气环流异常以及海洋和海冰等外强迫因子的共同影响，世界范围内出现了显著的气候异常和极端事件。尤其是，2014年1—4月美国西南大部降水偏少20％～60％，平均降水量为1981年以来最少的一年，干旱发展并持续，部分地区干旱严重；6月上、中旬，印度平均气温31．2℃，较常年同期偏高1．2℃，局部偏高4℃以上，是1961年以来历史同期最高值，印度首都新德里8日最高气温达47．8℃，创该市62年来最高记录。进一步研究发现，1—4月，美国西南部地区持续处于高空脊的控制下，来自东北太平洋和墨西哥湾的水汽输送严重不足是导致干旱发生的直接原因；而印度夏季风北推进程滞缓和高压脊的持续控制是造成6月印度高温的主要原因。
2014년전구평균표면온도지속편고，비1961—1990년평균치편고0．57℃좌우，시자1850년유역사기록이래최난적일년。년내，적도중동태평양기본유지난수상태，전구평균해표면온도돌파역사기록；북겁해빙범위잉처우기록중최저수평지일，이남겁해빙범위재창역사신고。수대기배류이상이급해양화해빙등외강박인자적공동영향，세계범위내출현료현저적기후이상화겁단사건。우기시，2014년1—4월미국서남대부강수편소20％～60％，평균강수량위1981년이래최소적일년，간한발전병지속，부분지구간한엄중；6월상、중순，인도평균기온31．2℃，교상년동기편고1．2℃，국부편고4℃이상，시1961년이래역사동기최고치，인도수도신덕리8일최고기온체47．8℃，창해시62년래최고기록。진일보연구발현，1—4월，미국서남부지구지속처우고공척적공제하，래자동북태평양화묵서가만적수기수송엄중불족시도치간한발생적직접원인；이인도하계풍북추진정체완화고압척적지속공제시조성6월인도고온적주요원인。
The global average surface temperature in 2014 was about 0.57 ℃higher than the mean value of 1961-1990.The year is the warmest year on records since 1850.Sea surface temperatures (SSTs)in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean mostly maintained warm conditions.Global average SSTs in 2014 were warmer than any previous years in the historical records.During the year,sea ice extent in the Arctic was still at one of the lowest levels on records while the Antarctic sea ice extent reached a new re-cord again.Affected by the anomalous atmospheric circulation combined with the external forcing factors of ocean and sea ice,notable climate anomalies and extreme events occurred worldwide in 2014.Especial-ly,the precipitation in most of the southwest part of the United States of America in January-April 2014 was 20%-60% less than normal,with mean rainfall amount being the least since 1981.The drought de-veloped and persisted,and severe drought even hit some regions.During the first and second dekads of June 2014,the average air temperature in India was 31.2℃,1.2℃ higher than normal.The temperature in some locations was even above 4℃ higher than normal,which is recorded as the highest temperature in the corresponding period since 1961.The maximum temperature was 47.8℃ in New Delhi of India on 8 June,creading a new record in the city for the past 62 years.Further analysis results show the continual domination of the ridge in the upper troposphere and the severe shortage of water vapor transportation from the Northeast Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico were the immediate causes for the drought in the south-western part of the United States from January to April.The slow northward advances of Indian summer monsoon and the sustainable control of high ridge were the major causes for the high temperature in India in June 2014.