化工进展
化工進展
화공진전
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
2015年
5期
1183-1190
,共8页
侯吉礼%马跃%李术元%藤锦生
侯吉禮%馬躍%李術元%籐錦生
후길례%마약%리술원%등금생
油页岩%页岩油%资源量%开采%干馏%燃烧%发电
油頁巖%頁巖油%資源量%開採%榦餾%燃燒%髮電
유혈암%혈암유%자원량%개채%간류%연소%발전
oil shale%shale oil%resources%mine%retort%combustion%generate electricity
油页岩是一种非常规能源，世界储量巨大，作为石油的补充能源，开发前景广阔。油页岩在隔绝空气条件下加热至500℃左右，会热解生成页岩油，经加工处理后可以制得汽油、柴油等油品。油页岩也可直接燃烧，产生蒸气、发电，目前利用油页岩燃烧发电的国家有爱沙尼亚、中国、德国等。本文介绍了世界主要油页岩国家的油页岩储量和加工利用情况，目前世界上利用油页岩干馏制取页岩油的国家主要有3个，中国（产量80万吨）、爱沙尼亚（产量50万吨）和巴西（18万吨），其他国家略有生产。中国页岩油产量一直居世界首位，目前有将近10座油页岩干馏厂投入运行，其中抚顺矿业集团年产页岩油35万吨，全国居首，该公司引进的日处理颗粒油页岩量6000t 的 ATP 干馏工艺，目前已经在调试中阶段性运转，并逐渐延长连续运转时间，山东龙口等其他地方的油页岩加工利用也取得很大进展。美国目前没有进行油页岩干馏炼制页岩油的工业化生产，但有多所大学、公司和研究所已经对油页岩进行了长期的地上和地下干馏工艺的研究和开发。文中还介绍了国内外油页岩干馏的3种主要炉型，分别为块状页岩气体热载体干馏炉、颗粒页岩固体热载体干馏炉和粉末页岩流化干馏炉，并对比了不同国家的干馏炉型的优缺点。
油頁巖是一種非常規能源，世界儲量巨大，作為石油的補充能源，開髮前景廣闊。油頁巖在隔絕空氣條件下加熱至500℃左右，會熱解生成頁巖油，經加工處理後可以製得汽油、柴油等油品。油頁巖也可直接燃燒，產生蒸氣、髮電，目前利用油頁巖燃燒髮電的國傢有愛沙尼亞、中國、德國等。本文介紹瞭世界主要油頁巖國傢的油頁巖儲量和加工利用情況，目前世界上利用油頁巖榦餾製取頁巖油的國傢主要有3箇，中國（產量80萬噸）、愛沙尼亞（產量50萬噸）和巴西（18萬噸），其他國傢略有生產。中國頁巖油產量一直居世界首位，目前有將近10座油頁巖榦餾廠投入運行，其中撫順礦業集糰年產頁巖油35萬噸，全國居首，該公司引進的日處理顆粒油頁巖量6000t 的 ATP 榦餾工藝，目前已經在調試中階段性運轉，併逐漸延長連續運轉時間，山東龍口等其他地方的油頁巖加工利用也取得很大進展。美國目前沒有進行油頁巖榦餾煉製頁巖油的工業化生產，但有多所大學、公司和研究所已經對油頁巖進行瞭長期的地上和地下榦餾工藝的研究和開髮。文中還介紹瞭國內外油頁巖榦餾的3種主要爐型，分彆為塊狀頁巖氣體熱載體榦餾爐、顆粒頁巖固體熱載體榦餾爐和粉末頁巖流化榦餾爐，併對比瞭不同國傢的榦餾爐型的優缺點。
유혈암시일충비상규능원，세계저량거대，작위석유적보충능원，개발전경엄활。유혈암재격절공기조건하가열지500℃좌우，회열해생성혈암유，경가공처리후가이제득기유、시유등유품。유혈암야가직접연소，산생증기、발전，목전이용유혈암연소발전적국가유애사니아、중국、덕국등。본문개소료세계주요유혈암국가적유혈암저량화가공이용정황，목전세계상이용유혈암간류제취혈암유적국가주요유3개，중국（산량80만둔）、애사니아（산량50만둔）화파서（18만둔），기타국가략유생산。중국혈암유산량일직거세계수위，목전유장근10좌유혈암간류엄투입운행，기중무순광업집단년산혈암유35만둔，전국거수，해공사인진적일처리과립유혈암량6000t 적 ATP 간류공예，목전이경재조시중계단성운전，병축점연장련속운전시간，산동룡구등기타지방적유혈암가공이용야취득흔대진전。미국목전몰유진행유혈암간류련제혈암유적공업화생산，단유다소대학、공사화연구소이경대유혈암진행료장기적지상화지하간류공예적연구화개발。문중환개소료국내외유혈암간류적3충주요로형，분별위괴상혈암기체열재체간류로、과립혈암고체열재체간류로화분말혈암류화간류로，병대비료불동국가적간류로형적우결점。
Oil shale is an unconventional energy and has enormous reserves in the world. As a petroleum alternative,oil shale has a broad prospect. Oil shale is defined as a sedimentary rock containing organic matter (kerogen). When heating oil shale to a temperature around 500℃ in the absence of air,shale oil is obtained by pyrolysis of kerogen,and then it can be used as fuel oil after processing. Oil shale can also be used for generating steam and electricity by direct combustion. Electricity is generated by oil shale combustion in Estonia,China and Germany. The reserves and processing and utilization of oil shale in the world are introduced. Currently there are mainly three countries producing shale oil in the world. These countries and shale oil productions are as follows, China (800000t),Estonia (500000t),Brazil (180000t),while only a few production in other countries. Shale oil production in China is the largest in the world,and currently there are some 10 oil shale retorting plants in operation in China. Fushun Mining Group Company in Liaoning province produced about 350000t shale oil in 2013,its imported ATP unit with a capacity of 6000t/d for particulate oil shale has been commissioned and is extending continuous running time gradually. Progress has also been made in other place for oil shale retorting,such as Longkou,Shandong. There is no shale oil industrialized production in the USA,but long-term research and development of aboveground andin-situ retorting technologies for oil shale have been made in a number of universities,companies and research institutes. Three main types of oil shale retort:Lump shale gas heat carrier retort,particulate shale solid heat carrier retort and pulverized shale fluidized bed oil shale retort are presented. Meanwhile,the advantages and disadvantages of shale oil retorts in different countries are discussed.
