CAJ | 학술논문

为探索玉米秸秆夹层对盐碱地改良的效果，2008年自通辽市花吐古拉采集盐碱土进行玉米秸秆隔离层处理，2009年开始种植大麦，研究玉米秸秆造夹层对盐碱土中微生物数量、土壤酶活性、大麦生物性状及产量的影响。结果表明，玉米秸秆造夹层显著增加了（P<0.01）盐碱土中细菌、放线菌、真菌、亚硝酸细菌和纤维素分解菌的数量以及脲酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，而降低了（P<0.01）盐碱土中多酚氧化酶的活性。随玉米秸秆用量增加，微生物数量增加（P<0.01），脲酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、多酚氧化酶的酶活性升高（P<0.01），而纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶的酶活性变化不明显。随玉米秸秆掩埋深度增加，微生物数量减少（P<0.01），蛋白酶活性降低（P<0.01），多酚氧化酶活性升高（P<0.01），其他酶活性变化不明显。随着时间的增加，盐碱土中微生物数量和酶活性显著增加（P<0.01）。各处理中A3B1（秸秆用量60000 kg/hm2、掩埋深度10 cm）各种酶活性最高，产量达到1914 kg/hm2，是较优的玉米秸秆造夹层改良盐碱地的处理。该研究表明玉米秸秆夹层处理能够很好地改善盐碱地的生物性状。
위탐색옥미갈간협층대염감지개량적효과，2008년자통료시화토고랍채집염감토진행옥미갈간격리층처리，2009년개시충식대맥，연구옥미갈간조협층대염감토중미생물수량、토양매활성、대맥생물성상급산량적영향。결과표명，옥미갈간조협층현저증가료（P<0.01）염감토중세균、방선균、진균、아초산세균화섬유소분해균적수량이급뇨매、단백매、정분매、섬유소매화과양화경매적활성，이강저료（P<0.01）염감토중다분양화매적활성。수옥미갈간용량증가，미생물수량증가（P<0.01），뇨매、단백매、정분매、다분양화매적매활성승고（P<0.01），이섬유소매화과양화경매적매활성변화불명현。수옥미갈간엄매심도증가，미생물수량감소（P<0.01），단백매활성강저（P<0.01），다분양화매활성승고（P<0.01），기타매활성변화불명현。수착시간적증가，염감토중미생물수량화매활성현저증가（P<0.01）。각처리중A3B1（갈간용량60000 kg/hm2、엄매심도10 cm）각충매활성최고，산량체도1914 kg/hm2，시교우적옥미갈간조협층개량염감지적처리。해연구표명옥미갈간협층처리능구흔호지개선염감지적생물성상。
Many measures have been adopted to improve saline-alkali soil in recent years, but the effects of different measures have advantages and disadvantages. Water conservancy facilities improve quickly and effectively, but the cost is high. Chemical modifiers are palliatives and not conducive to the sustainable development. It is necessary to explore a better measure to improve saline-alkali soil. It is easy for crop straw to cut off the continuity of the capillaries and partition the phreatic evaporation. The salt accumulation has been prevented in the surface of soil and a good physical and chemical soil environment is created for the crops to the normal growth and development. And burying straw into soil also prevents the salt in the deeper soil to return to the surface layer. Tongliao City is the corn production base in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and even the whole nation. The corn planting area is more than 1 100 000 hm2 every year, and there is wide source and large storage capacity of corn straw. It is necessary to study the effect of corn straw interlayer on improving saline-alkali soil. In the experiment, corn straw interlayer was made in different soil depths (10,15 and 20 cm) and different dosages (30 000, 45 000 and 60 000 kg/hm2) using corn stalks in saline-alkali soil. The soil was collected from Huatugula, Tongliao City in 2008 and then the barley was planted in the soil from 2009 to 2011. The paper studied the microorganism number and the enzyme activity in saline-alkali soil, and the impact of corn stalk isolation layer on saline soil’s biological traits and barley yield. The results showed that the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, nitrite bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria, and the activities of urease, protease, amylase, cellulase and catalase significantly increased (P<0.01), while polyphenol oxidase activity reduced in alkali soil with corn straw interlayer (P<0.01). With the increasing of corn stalks’ quantity, the numbers of microorganisms and the activities of urease, protease, amylase and polyphenol oxidase all increased (P<0.01), while the activities of cellulase and catalase did not change significantly. With the increasing of corn stalks’ burying depth, the numbers of microorganisms and the protease activity both reduced (P<0.01), while polyphenol oxidase activity increased (P<0.01) and other enzymes’ activities did not change significantly. As the time increased, the numbers of microorganisms and the activities of enzymes in saline-alkali soil increased significantly (P<0.01). The treatment A3B1 (straw dosage of 60 000 kg/hm2, burying depth of 10 cm) reached the highest activity for 6 kinds of enzymes and the highest yield of 1914 kg/hm2. The treatment A3B1 was the optimum of all treatments. Corn straw as the resource with advantage can be used for improving saline-alkali soil, which is of great significance to the protection of the ecological environment, the expansion of the grain growth and the revitalization of the rural economy in Tongliao City.