CAJ | 학술논문

枯落物层对森林水文循环有着重要的影响。该文以华北土石山区15种典型林分（不同树种、林分密度、立地条件等）条件下的枯落物为研究对象，通过野外调查、室内（泡水、降雨模拟）试验等手段，研究分析了典型林分枯落物的水文效应。研究结果表明，阳坡油松林的枯落物蓄积量显著大于阴坡油松林（P<0.05），但不同林分密度条件下油松林的枯落物的蓄积量无显著差异（P>0.05）。不同树种之间有针叶林枯落物蓄积量大于阔叶林的规律。通过不同林分的枯落物浸泡试验和统计发现，不同林分枯落物的最大持水量（water holding capacity，WHC）范围为9.72～48.92 mm，林分密度、枯落物半分解层比例、坡度、枯落物蓄积量对枯落物的最大持水能力的影响依次降低，其中枯落物的最大持水量与林分密度呈二次曲线关系。结合室内人工降雨模拟试验研究发现，降雨量达到35～45 mm时，各典型林分的枯落物截留量达到有效截留量，且有效截留量与最大持水能力的比值范围为40%～91%。
고락물층대삼림수문순배유착중요적영향。해문이화북토석산구15충전형림분（불동수충、림분밀도、입지조건등）조건하적고락물위연구대상，통과야외조사、실내（포수、강우모의）시험등수단，연구분석료전형림분고락물적수문효응。연구결과표명，양파유송림적고락물축적량현저대우음파유송림（P<0.05），단불동림분밀도조건하유송림적고락물적축적량무현저차이（P>0.05）。불동수충지간유침협림고락물축적량대우활협림적규률。통과불동림분적고락물침포시험화통계발현，불동림분고락물적최대지수량（water holding capacity，WHC）범위위9.72～48.92 mm，림분밀도、고락물반분해층비례、파도、고락물축적량대고락물적최대지수능력적영향의차강저，기중고락물적최대지수량여림분밀도정이차곡선관계。결합실내인공강우모의시험연구발현，강우량체도35～45 mm시，각전형림분적고락물절류량체도유효절류량，차유효절류량여최대지수능력적비치범위위40%～91%。
Litter layer affects hydrologic cycle of forest ecosystem significantly. This study aimed to determine hydrology characters of litter under different tree species and stand densities, and site conditions, and obtain the water holding capacity of litter forests, and the interception process and influencing factors through soaking experiment and rainfall simulating experiment. In order to estimate virtual interception, the relationships between virtual interception and the maximum water holding capacity were analyzed. Fifteen forest stands with different tree species, stand densities and site situations were chosen, and the fieldwork area was situated in Badaling national forest park,which was located in Beijing’s rocky and earthy area of northern China. A rainfall circumstance was generated by an intermittent artificial rainfall simulator. In the rainfall simulating experiment, the parameters of rainfall intensity and rainfall amount were set as 5mm/h and 55mm for the simulator, because the rainfall intensity of 59 percentage of all rainfall events (2001-2012) was light rainfall magnitude (less than 10mm for a rain event), and 93 percentage of all rainfall events was less than 60mm in the study area. By outdoor survey, we found that the litter amounts of Pinus tabuliformis Carrière with different stand densities were not different significantly, except for the forest stands with the highest or lowest forest density. A positive correlation between litter amount and forest density was found in Pinus tabuliformis Carrière stands, no matter on ubac or adret. Litter amount differed with tree species, being less in broad-leaved forest than in coniferous forest, which was mainly caused by the lower decomposition rate of coniferous forest litter. The relationship between the maximum water holding capacity of litter and forest density could be described by a quadratic polynomials equation, the maximum water holding capacity of litter on adret was significantly higher than that on ubac (P<0.05). The maximum water holding capacity of the 5 typical forest stands ranged from 9.72 to 48.92 mm. The result of partial correlation analysis showed that most of influencing factors were positively related to the maximum water holding capacity, except for aspect, and the partial correlation coefficient of stand density was the highest, followed by tree species, decomposing layer percentage, slope, aspect, and litter amount, which indicated that the dominated factors of the maximum water holding capacity were complex and the factors affected each other. Rainfall simulating experiment result showed that the ratios of the interception to the maximum water holding capacity of different tree species increased with the increasing of rainfall, while rainfall reached 35-45 mm, the ratios became constant and ranged from 40% to 91%,which could be used to estimate virtual interception of litter, and this conclusion was different with Lee Richard’s (1980). Two possible reasons might contribute to explain the phenomenon, At first, structure and material component of leaf litter of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco were quite different from other tree species, such as Pinus tabuliformis Carrière, and these differences made it need more time for the water content of litter to reach their virtual interception. Secondly, the rainfall intensity in this rainfall simulation was 5 mm/h, which was deemed as a typical light rain magnitude in northern China, and therefore the ratios of virtual interception to the maximum water holding capacity of the litter of mixed Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Cotinus coggygria Scop. and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco could increase in other areas with the mean rainfall intensity bigger than 5mm/h. The conclusions based on the test data in this paper can provide reasonable information and suggestion for eco-hydrological study.