CAJ | 학술논문

全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸（PFOA/PFOS）由于存在有争议的环境污染和生物蓄积等问题，已经成为全世界关注的焦点之一，寻找能够替代 PFOA/PFOS 的新型含氟表面活性剂具有重要的意义。本文综述了可能替代PFOA/PFOS新型含氟表面活性剂的合成路线和方法，并按照分子结构进行了分类，着重介绍了以下4类：①端基为CF3O或(CF3)2N系列表面活性剂；②短氟链系列表面活性剂；③基于VDF或TFP系列表面活性剂；④全氟聚醚系列表面活性剂；同时对4类新型替代物的表面活性、生物降解性及在乳液聚合中的应用进行了归纳总结。目前PFOA/PFOS替代物的研究趋势，主要朝着降低含氟表面活性剂中氟元素比例、含减少氟链“有效长度”及插入N、O等杂原子等方向发展，使得新型含氟表活性剂更易降解、更环保、更安全。
전불신완광산/전불신산（PFOA/PFOS）유우존재유쟁의적배경오염화생물축적등문제，이경성위전세계관주적초점지일，심조능구체대 PFOA/PFOS 적신형함불표면활성제구유중요적의의。본문종술료가능체대PFOA/PFOS신형함불표면활성제적합성로선화방법，병안조분자결구진행료분류，착중개소료이하4류：①단기위CF3O혹(CF3)2N계렬표면활성제；②단불련계렬표면활성제；③기우VDF혹TFP계렬표면활성제；④전불취미계렬표면활성제；동시대4류신형체대물적표면활성、생물강해성급재유액취합중적응용진행료귀납총결。목전PFOA/PFOS체대물적연구추세，주요조착강저함불표면활성제중불원소비례、함감소불련“유효장도”급삽입N、O등잡원자등방향발전，사득신형함불표활성제경역강해、경배보、경안전。
There are increasing debates about the problem of PFOA/PFOS in environmental pollution and bioaccumulation,which has become the focus of attention of the world. It has vital significance to look for novel fluorinated surfactants to replace PFOA/PFOS.The synthesis methods of new possible fluorinated surfactants alternatives of PFOS/PFOA are reviewed and categorized according to the characteristics of molecular structures. Four categories of alternatives:(1) surfactants including either a CF3O or (CF3)2N end-group; (2) surfactants containing short fluorined chain; (3) surfactants based on VDF or TFP; (4) surfactants from fluorinated polyethers,are presented. Meanwhile,surface activity, biodegradability and application in emulision polymerization of four categories of alternatives are discussed. Preliminary analysis indicates that the current research trends of PFOA/PFOS alternatives mainly reduce the ratio of fluorine,shorten fluorine-containing chain "effective length",and insert N or O heteroatom in the fluorinated surfactants,so that the novel fluorinated surfactants are more degradable,more environmentally friendly,and safer.