CAJ | 학술논문

气孔是植物叶片表面控制大气与植物间气体交换的孔状结构，对于生态系统碳、水循环过程的调节起着非常重要的作用。本文利用典型农田生态系统实验增温平台，研究了未来气候变暖对玉米叶片的气孔特征(包括气孔频度、气孔开口大小和形状以及气孔分布格局)和气体交换过程的影响。结果表明：(1)尽管增温并没有改变气孔密度(P>0.05)，但却由于表皮细胞数目的减少导致气孔指数显著增加12%(P<0.05)；(2)增温使气孔开口的长度显著减小18%(P<0.01)，宽度增加26%(P<0.01)，面积和周长分别增加31%(P <0.01)和13%(P<0.05)；(3)实验增温还使单个气孔之间最近邻域的平均距离显著增加，表明气孔在玉米叶片上的分布变得更加均匀；(4)增温导致玉米叶片的净光合反应速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别增加52%(P<0.05)、163%(P<0.001)和81%(P<0.05)；与此相反，玉米叶片的暗呼吸速率(Rd)却显著降低24%(P<0.01)。增温没有对细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明，未来全球气候变暖可能通过改变玉米叶片的气孔频度、气孔开口大小和形状及其在叶片上的空间分布格局来改变其气体交换过程。
기공시식물협편표면공제대기여식물간기체교환적공상결구，대우생태계통탄、수순배과정적조절기착비상중요적작용。본문이용전형농전생태계통실험증온평태，연구료미래기후변난대옥미협편적기공특정(포괄기공빈도、기공개구대소화형상이급기공분포격국)화기체교환과정적영향。결과표명：(1)진관증온병몰유개변기공밀도(P>0.05)，단각유우표피세포수목적감소도치기공지수현저증가12%(P<0.05)；(2)증온사기공개구적장도현저감소18%(P<0.01)，관도증가26%(P<0.01)，면적화주장분별증가31%(P <0.01)화13%(P<0.05)；(3)실험증온환사단개기공지간최근린역적평균거리현저증가，표명기공재옥미협편상적분포변득경가균균；(4)증온도치옥미협편적정광합반응속솔(Pn)、기공도도(Gs)화증등속솔(Tr)분별증가52%(P<0.05)、163%(P<0.001)화81%(P<0.05)；여차상반，옥미협편적암호흡속솔(Rd)각현저강저24%(P<0.01)。증온몰유대세포간CO2농도(Ci)화수분이용효솔(WUE)산생현저적영향(P>0.05)。본연구결과표명，미래전구기후변난가능통과개변옥미협편적기공빈도、기공개구대소화형상급기재협편상적공간분포격국래개변기기체교환과정。
Stomata are the pores on leaf surfaces controlling gas exchanges, mainly CO2 and water vapor, between the atmosphere and plants, and thus regulate carbon and water cycles in various ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of experimental warming on the stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture size and shape, and stomatal distribution pattern, and their relationships with the leaf gas exchange rates of maize (Zea may L.) leaves through a field manipulative warming experiment with infrared heaters in a typical agriculture ecosystem in the North China Plain. Our results showed that experimental warming had little effect on stomatal density, but increased stomatal index by 12% (P<0.05) due to the reduction in the number of epidermal cells under the warming treatment. Warming also decreased stomatal aperture length by 18% (P<0.01) and increased stomatal aperture width 26% (P<0.01). As a result, experimental warming increased the average stomatal aperture area by 31% (P<0.01) and stomatal aperture circumference by 13% (P<0.05), and resulted in a more regular stomatal distribution on both the adaxial and abaxial sur-faces in leaves with an increased average nearest neighbor distance between stomata. In addition, experimental warming also af-facted the gas exchange of maize leaves. Experimental warming significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) by 52% (P<0.05), 163% (P<0.001), and 81% (P<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, experimental warming decreased the leaf dark respiration(Rd) by 24% (P<0.01), but had no significant effects on intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE;P>0.05). In conclusion, the experimental warming may affect the gas exchange of maize leaves through the changes of the stomatal traits including stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture size and shape, and stomatal distribution on leaves.