热带病与寄生虫学
熱帶病與寄生蟲學
열대병여기생충학
TROPICAL DISEASES AND PARASITOLOGY
2015年
1期
13-15,38
,共4页
徐久泉%周仿成%尹其波%高一敏%李毅%涂家林
徐久泉%週倣成%尹其波%高一敏%李毅%塗傢林
서구천%주방성%윤기파%고일민%리의%도가림
血吸虫病%粪便无公害化处理系统%三格式户厕%卫生学评价
血吸蟲病%糞便無公害化處理繫統%三格式戶廁%衛生學評價
혈흡충병%분편무공해화처리계통%삼격식호측%위생학평개
Schistsomiasis%Harmless treatment system%Three-squared septic household tank%Hy-gienic evaluation
目的：分析比较三格式户厕、粪便无公害化处理系统杀灭血吸虫卵的效果和处理生活污水的功效。方法将感染家兔后获得的血吸虫卵置于三格式户厕和粪便无公害化处理系统第一池中，在5、10、15、20、25和30天分别取出虫卵进行孵化，观察计算毛蚴数；采用GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级（B）标准，分别测定实验A组和实验B组出水口污水水样，分析COD、TP、TN的处理效率和排放值。结果粪便无公害化处理系统中“标准虫卵”和“粪渣虫卵”的虫卵灭活天数均为15天，在三格式无害化厕所中，“标准虫卵”的虫卵灭活天数为15天，“粪渣虫卵”的虫卵灭活天数为20天；对比GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级（B）标准，三格式无害化厕所污水中COD、TP、TN指标三次检测均严重超标，粪便无公害化处理系统污水经无公害化处理系统处理，三个指标三次检测均达标。结论三格式户厕、粪便无公害化处理系统杀灭血吸虫卵效果均为100%，但粪便无公害化处理系统经生态污水处理能有效去除生活污水中COD、TP、TN，使出水口水质达到GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级（B）标准。
目的：分析比較三格式戶廁、糞便無公害化處理繫統殺滅血吸蟲卵的效果和處理生活汙水的功效。方法將感染傢兔後穫得的血吸蟲卵置于三格式戶廁和糞便無公害化處理繫統第一池中，在5、10、15、20、25和30天分彆取齣蟲卵進行孵化，觀察計算毛蚴數；採用GB18918—2002《城鎮汙水處理廠汙染物排放標準》一級（B）標準，分彆測定實驗A組和實驗B組齣水口汙水水樣，分析COD、TP、TN的處理效率和排放值。結果糞便無公害化處理繫統中“標準蟲卵”和“糞渣蟲卵”的蟲卵滅活天數均為15天，在三格式無害化廁所中，“標準蟲卵”的蟲卵滅活天數為15天，“糞渣蟲卵”的蟲卵滅活天數為20天；對比GB18918—2002《城鎮汙水處理廠汙染物排放標準》一級（B）標準，三格式無害化廁所汙水中COD、TP、TN指標三次檢測均嚴重超標，糞便無公害化處理繫統汙水經無公害化處理繫統處理，三箇指標三次檢測均達標。結論三格式戶廁、糞便無公害化處理繫統殺滅血吸蟲卵效果均為100%，但糞便無公害化處理繫統經生態汙水處理能有效去除生活汙水中COD、TP、TN，使齣水口水質達到GB18918—2002《城鎮汙水處理廠汙染物排放標準》一級（B）標準。
목적：분석비교삼격식호측、분편무공해화처리계통살멸혈흡충란적효과화처리생활오수적공효。방법장감염가토후획득적혈흡충란치우삼격식호측화분편무공해화처리계통제일지중，재5、10、15、20、25화30천분별취출충란진행부화，관찰계산모유수；채용GB18918—2002《성진오수처리엄오염물배방표준》일급（B）표준，분별측정실험A조화실험B조출수구오수수양，분석COD、TP、TN적처리효솔화배방치。결과분편무공해화처리계통중“표준충란”화“분사충란”적충란멸활천수균위15천，재삼격식무해화측소중，“표준충란”적충란멸활천수위15천，“분사충란”적충란멸활천수위20천；대비GB18918—2002《성진오수처리엄오염물배방표준》일급（B）표준，삼격식무해화측소오수중COD、TP、TN지표삼차검측균엄중초표，분편무공해화처리계통오수경무공해화처리계통처리，삼개지표삼차검측균체표。결론삼격식호측、분편무공해화처리계통살멸혈흡충란효과균위100%，단분편무공해화처리계통경생태오수처리능유효거제생활오수중COD、TP、TN，사출수구수질체도GB18918—2002《성진오수처리엄오염물배방표준》일급（B）표준。
Objective To investigate the efficacies of three-squared septic tank and anti-fecal pollution treatment system in killing schistosome eggs and capacity to treat the domestic sewage. Methods Schistosome eggs obtained from the infected rabbits were respectively placed in the three-squared septic tank and anti-fecal pollution treatment system in the first tank, then were taken and hatched at day 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40, re?spectively for counting the miracidia. The wastewater was taken from the outlet of experimental reservoir A and B, respectively, and determined for the treatment effect and discharge value pertaining to chemical oxygen demand(COD), total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN) by level B standard specified in“GB18918-2002 Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants”. Results Inactivation of the eggs re?quired 15 days for the "standard eggs" and "fecal residual eggs" in the reservoir A, and 15 days for "standard eggs"and 20 days for"fecal residual eggs”in reservoir B. By the GB18918-2002 discharge standard, the index of COD, TP and TN in the sewage obtained from the three-squared septic tank were seriously beyond the spe?cific standard, whereas the index for the three factors in the anti-fecal pollution treatment system were up to the standard in three tests. Conclusion Although both treatment techniques can thoroughly kill the schistosome eggs, yet anti-fecal pollution treatment system can be biologically efficacious in removing COD, TP and TN in the domestic sewage, leading to its discharge meeting the standard of level B in GB18918-2002.
