铁道科学与工程学报
鐵道科學與工程學報
철도과학여공정학보
JOURNAL OF RAILWAY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
2015年
2期
257-263
,共7页
高速列车%单个窗帘%热释放速率%燃烧特性%全尺寸试验
高速列車%單箇窗簾%熱釋放速率%燃燒特性%全呎吋試驗
고속열차%단개창렴%열석방속솔%연소특성%전척촌시험
high-speed train%single curtain%heat release rate%combustion characteristics%full -scale test
以CRH1高速列车车厢单个窗帘为重点研究对象，运用家具量热仪，全尺寸试验研究不同引火源功率、不同通风量等条件下窗帘点燃特性、热释放速率、质量损失率、热释放总量、烟气释放速率等重要火灾动力学参数；分析它们之间关系，最终总结其燃烧行为及特性，为高速列车火灾防治及安全设计提供基础数据及参考依据。研究结果表明：高速列车窗帘较易引燃，1 min左右即可引燃，纵向蔓延为主，持续燃烧时间为6～15 min；热释放速率易受不同引火源功率及火场环境影响，可达400 kW／m2以上；热释放总量随引火源功率及通风量增加而降低，最高超过60 MJ／m2；烟气释放速率与通风量成正比，基本不受引火源功率影响；抑制有焰燃烧，降低其自身燃烧性能是高速列车窗帘阻燃关键。
以CRH1高速列車車廂單箇窗簾為重點研究對象，運用傢具量熱儀，全呎吋試驗研究不同引火源功率、不同通風量等條件下窗簾點燃特性、熱釋放速率、質量損失率、熱釋放總量、煙氣釋放速率等重要火災動力學參數；分析它們之間關繫，最終總結其燃燒行為及特性，為高速列車火災防治及安全設計提供基礎數據及參攷依據。研究結果錶明：高速列車窗簾較易引燃，1 min左右即可引燃，縱嚮蔓延為主，持續燃燒時間為6～15 min；熱釋放速率易受不同引火源功率及火場環境影響，可達400 kW／m2以上；熱釋放總量隨引火源功率及通風量增加而降低，最高超過60 MJ／m2；煙氣釋放速率與通風量成正比，基本不受引火源功率影響；抑製有燄燃燒，降低其自身燃燒性能是高速列車窗簾阻燃關鍵。
이CRH1고속열차차상단개창렴위중점연구대상，운용가구량열의，전척촌시험연구불동인화원공솔、불동통풍량등조건하창렴점연특성、열석방속솔、질량손실솔、열석방총량、연기석방속솔등중요화재동역학삼수；분석타문지간관계，최종총결기연소행위급특성，위고속열차화재방치급안전설계제공기출수거급삼고의거。연구결과표명：고속열차창렴교역인연，1 min좌우즉가인연，종향만연위주，지속연소시간위6～15 min；열석방속솔역수불동인화원공솔급화장배경영향，가체400 kW／m2이상；열석방총량수인화원공솔급통풍량증가이강저，최고초과60 MJ／m2；연기석방속솔여통풍량성정비，기본불수인화원공솔영향；억제유염연소，강저기자신연소성능시고속열차창렴조연관건。
Determining the combustion characteristics of combustibles in high-speed trains is the foundation of evaluating the fire scale on high-speed trains scientifically,thereby establishing effective active and passive fire precautions.In this paper,the single curtain in the compartments of CRH1 high-speed trains was taken as the main research object.Under different test conditions including the power of ignition source and ventilation rate, the full-scale furniture calorimeter tests were used to study important fire kinetic parameters such as the ignition characteristics of curtains,heat release rate,mass loss rate,total heat release,smoke release rate.Through ana-lyzing the relationships among these parameters and summarizing the combustion behavior and characteristics, fundamental data and reference for the fire precaution and safety design of high-speed trains were provided.The results are as follows:(i)The curtains of high-speed trains are easy to ignite with about 1 min being ignited;(ii)The combustion duration of curtains is among the range of 6-15 min;(iii)The longitudinal spread of cur-tains is the main approach for the diffusion of combustion;(iv)Heat release rate is susceptible to the power of ignition source and fire environment;(v)The heat release rate can reach 400 kW/m2;(vi)The heat release rate decreases when the power of ignition source and ventilation rate increase,supreme over 60 MJ/m2;(vii) The SRR is directly proportional to the ventilation rate,which is hardly affected by ignition source power;(viii) Suppressing flame combustion and controlling the smoke generated from the materials themselves play key roles in retarding the combustion of high-speed train curtains.
