CAJ | 학술논문

“初步证据案件”属于证明标准范畴。 WTO专家组和上诉机构报告经常使用“初步证据案件”这一表述，为避免理解和适用的混乱，其含义与功能有必要予以澄清。在WTO争端解决中“初步证据案件”不应被看做是普通法意义上的提供证据责任的证明标准；依据许多专家组报告和上诉机构报告“初步证据案件”的确立导致“证明责任转移”，这里的证明责任接近于大陆法的“主观证明责任”。鉴于容易产生歧义以及并无实际作用，专家组和上诉机构应尽量避免在其报告中使用“初步证据案件”这一表述，并将“初步证据案件”的确立与证明责任转移相联系；“初步证据案件”作为WTO争端解决中的最终证明标准在通常情况下并不适宜。“优势证据标准”适合作为WTO争端解决一般情况下的证明标准，同时在某些具体情况下应当允许有一定的灵活性。
“초보증거안건”속우증명표준범주。 WTO전가조화상소궤구보고경상사용“초보증거안건”저일표술，위피면리해화괄용적혼란，기함의여공능유필요여이징청。재WTO쟁단해결중“초보증거안건”불응피간주시보통법의의상적제공증거책임적증명표준；의거허다전가조보고화상소궤구보고“초보증거안건”적학립도치“증명책임전이”，저리적증명책임접근우대륙법적“주관증명책임”。감우용역산생기의이급병무실제작용，전가조화상소궤구응진량피면재기보고중사용“초보증거안건”저일표술，병장“초보증거안건”적학립여증명책임전이상련계；“초보증거안건”작위WTO쟁단해결중적최종증명표준재통상정황하병불괄의。“우세증거표준”괄합작위WTO쟁단해결일반정황하적증명표준，동시재모사구체정황하응당윤허유일정적령활성。
Prima facie case is a concept of standard of proof, which is fre-quently used in WTO panel reports and AB reports.In order to avoid confusion in understanding and application, it is necessary to clarify its implication and func-tions.In WTO dispute settlement practice, prima facie case should not be regar-ded as the standard of proof in the sense of Common Law System, i.e.the bur-den of producing evidence.According to plenty of panel reports and AB reports, establishing a prima facie case leads to the“shift of burden of proof”.The“bur-den of proof” used here is more close to “subjective burden of proof” in Conti-nental Law System.In light of the ambiguity and ineffectiveness, WTO dispute settlement body should try to avoid using prima facie case and connecting the es-tablishment of prima facie case with the shift of burden of proof.As the final standard of proof, prima facie case is on the low side in WTO dispute settlement. General y, preponderance of evidence is the right standard of poof in WTO dis-pute settlement practice, while flexibility should be al owed in some situations.