草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2015年
4期
39-47
,共9页
闫丽娟%罗永忠%李广%王琦%罗珠珠%高珍妮%李玥%燕振刚%刘强%聂志刚
閆麗娟%囉永忠%李廣%王琦%囉珠珠%高珍妮%李玥%燕振剛%劉彊%聶誌剛
염려연%라영충%리엄%왕기%라주주%고진니%리모%연진강%류강%섭지강
APSIM模型%耕作措施%水肥协同效应%轮作
APSIM模型%耕作措施%水肥協同效應%輪作
APSIM모형%경작조시%수비협동효응%륜작
APSIM module%tillage practice%cooperation effect of water and fertilizer%rotation system
为探索水肥协同作用对不同耕作措施下作物产量影响规律，运用在黄土丘陵区率订和验证后的 APSIM（ag-ricultural production system simulator）模型，模拟研究区近35年传统耕作（T）、免耕（NT）和免耕覆盖（NTS）措施下轮作小麦／豌豆产量，并采用多元回归分析施氮量（X 1）、休闲期降水量（X 2）和生育期降水量（X 3）对小麦／豌豆模拟产量的水肥协同效应。结果表明，自然降水条件下3因素对不同耕作措施小麦和豌豆产量的贡献率均为：X 3＞X 2＞X 1。生育期降水量和休闲期降水量对产量的贡献率均为：NTS＞NT＞T。T、NT 和 NTS 措施下小麦和豌豆的产量与施氮量均呈开口向下二次抛物线型变化，但小麦最佳施氮量分别为65．0，65．5和44．5 kg／hm2，豌豆的最佳施氮量分别为17．9，18．5和23．8 kg／hm2，并且施氮量对小麦产量的贡献率为：NT＞T＞NTS，而施氮量对豌豆产量的贡献率为：NTS＞NT＞T。在甘肃省定西黄土丘陵区，决定小麦和豌豆产量的关键因素是降水，降水量对免耕覆盖的增产效应最为显著，且3种耕作措施条件下小麦和豌豆对施氮效应有不同的表现。
為探索水肥協同作用對不同耕作措施下作物產量影響規律，運用在黃土丘陵區率訂和驗證後的 APSIM（ag-ricultural production system simulator）模型，模擬研究區近35年傳統耕作（T）、免耕（NT）和免耕覆蓋（NTS）措施下輪作小麥／豌豆產量，併採用多元迴歸分析施氮量（X 1）、休閒期降水量（X 2）和生育期降水量（X 3）對小麥／豌豆模擬產量的水肥協同效應。結果錶明，自然降水條件下3因素對不同耕作措施小麥和豌豆產量的貢獻率均為：X 3＞X 2＞X 1。生育期降水量和休閒期降水量對產量的貢獻率均為：NTS＞NT＞T。T、NT 和 NTS 措施下小麥和豌豆的產量與施氮量均呈開口嚮下二次拋物線型變化，但小麥最佳施氮量分彆為65．0，65．5和44．5 kg／hm2，豌豆的最佳施氮量分彆為17．9，18．5和23．8 kg／hm2，併且施氮量對小麥產量的貢獻率為：NT＞T＞NTS，而施氮量對豌豆產量的貢獻率為：NTS＞NT＞T。在甘肅省定西黃土丘陵區，決定小麥和豌豆產量的關鍵因素是降水，降水量對免耕覆蓋的增產效應最為顯著，且3種耕作措施條件下小麥和豌豆對施氮效應有不同的錶現。
위탐색수비협동작용대불동경작조시하작물산량영향규률，운용재황토구릉구솔정화험증후적 APSIM（ag-ricultural production system simulator）모형，모의연구구근35년전통경작（T）、면경（NT）화면경복개（NTS）조시하륜작소맥／완두산량，병채용다원회귀분석시담량（X 1）、휴한기강수량（X 2）화생육기강수량（X 3）대소맥／완두모의산량적수비협동효응。결과표명，자연강수조건하3인소대불동경작조시소맥화완두산량적공헌솔균위：X 3＞X 2＞X 1。생육기강수량화휴한기강수량대산량적공헌솔균위：NTS＞NT＞T。T、NT 화 NTS 조시하소맥화완두적산량여시담량균정개구향하이차포물선형변화，단소맥최가시담량분별위65．0，65．5화44．5 kg／hm2，완두적최가시담량분별위17．9，18．5화23．8 kg／hm2，병차시담량대소맥산량적공헌솔위：NT＞T＞NTS，이시담량대완두산량적공헌솔위：NTS＞NT＞T。재감숙성정서황토구릉구，결정소맥화완두산량적관건인소시강수，강수량대면경복개적증산효응최위현저，차3충경작조시조건하소맥화완두대시담효응유불동적표현。
Research has been undertaken using the validated Agricultural Production System Simulator Model (APSIM)to explore the synergy effects of water and fertilizer supply on grain yields of crops under different tillage practices in the loess hilly region of Dingxi City,Gansu Province.The model was used to simulate yields of rotational systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum )and pea (Pisum sativum )under three different tillage prac-tices:traditional tillage (T),no tillage (NT)and no tillage mulched with straw within 35 years (NTS).Multi-ple regression analysis was used to investigate the synergy effects of precipitation at the growing stage (X 3 ), fallow period (X 2 )and when nitrogen was applied (X 1 ).Results showed that the order of relevance to grain yields was X 3 >X 2 >X 1 .For X 3 and X 2 ,the contribution rate differed in the order of NTS>NT>T.Nitrogen application has an oppositive U-shaped quadratic relation with wheat and pea yield.The optimum nitrogen quantities were 65.0,65.5 and 44.5 kg/ha for spring wheat and 17.9,18.5 and 23.8 kg/ha for peas under T, NT and NTS respectively.The contribution of nitrogen to the grain yields of each rotational system followed the order NTS>NT>T for spring wheat and NTS>NT>T for peas.Precipitation was therefore the key fac-tor for the grain yields of spring wheat and pea in this region,especially in the case of NTS.Nitrogen applica-tion had different effects on yield under the three different tillage practices.
