草业学报
草業學報
초업학보
PRATACULTURAL SCIENCE
2015年
4期
30-38
,共9页
孙小花%谢亚萍%牛俊义%李爱荣
孫小花%謝亞萍%牛俊義%李愛榮
손소화%사아평%우준의%리애영
胡麻%钾素%转运%分配%籽粒产量
鬍痳%鉀素%轉運%分配%籽粒產量
호마%갑소%전운%분배%자립산량
oil flax%potassium%transportation%distribution%grain yield
以胡麻“坝选3号”为材料，设置不施钾（K0）、低钾（K1，18．75 kg K2 O／hm2）、中钾（K2，37．5 kg K2 O／hm2）和高钾（K3，56．25 kg K2 O／hm2）4个施钾（K2 O）水平，于2011－2012年在河北省张家口市开展田间试验，研究了不同施钾量对胡麻钾素营养转运分配及其产量的影响。结果表明，胡麻根、茎、叶和籽粒等器官的钾素累积主要在生殖生长阶段，占全生育期累积量的41．28％～64．09％；与不施钾相比，施钾条件下胡麻根、茎和叶钾素转运量分别增加了35．60％，29．06％和43．75％。根、茎和叶中均有钾素转运到籽粒，转运率分别为17．78％～24．85％，14．82％～23．00％和39．40％～46．20％，对籽粒钾素的贡献率分别为6．71％～14．12％，11．24％～23．97％和17．26％～50．83％。较不施钾处理，低、中和高钾水平下籽粒产量分别增产14．90％～24．12％，29．93％～30．11％和15．65％～23．13％，且中钾处理下增产幅度最大。综合胡麻钾素积累、转运与分配规律以及籽粒产量，本试验区同等肥力土壤条件下，要实现胡麻高产高效以施钾量37．5 kg／hm2为宜。
以鬍痳“壩選3號”為材料，設置不施鉀（K0）、低鉀（K1，18．75 kg K2 O／hm2）、中鉀（K2，37．5 kg K2 O／hm2）和高鉀（K3，56．25 kg K2 O／hm2）4箇施鉀（K2 O）水平，于2011－2012年在河北省張傢口市開展田間試驗，研究瞭不同施鉀量對鬍痳鉀素營養轉運分配及其產量的影響。結果錶明，鬍痳根、莖、葉和籽粒等器官的鉀素纍積主要在生殖生長階段，佔全生育期纍積量的41．28％～64．09％；與不施鉀相比，施鉀條件下鬍痳根、莖和葉鉀素轉運量分彆增加瞭35．60％，29．06％和43．75％。根、莖和葉中均有鉀素轉運到籽粒，轉運率分彆為17．78％～24．85％，14．82％～23．00％和39．40％～46．20％，對籽粒鉀素的貢獻率分彆為6．71％～14．12％，11．24％～23．97％和17．26％～50．83％。較不施鉀處理，低、中和高鉀水平下籽粒產量分彆增產14．90％～24．12％，29．93％～30．11％和15．65％～23．13％，且中鉀處理下增產幅度最大。綜閤鬍痳鉀素積纍、轉運與分配規律以及籽粒產量，本試驗區同等肥力土壤條件下，要實現鬍痳高產高效以施鉀量37．5 kg／hm2為宜。
이호마“패선3호”위재료，설치불시갑（K0）、저갑（K1，18．75 kg K2 O／hm2）、중갑（K2，37．5 kg K2 O／hm2）화고갑（K3，56．25 kg K2 O／hm2）4개시갑（K2 O）수평，우2011－2012년재하북성장가구시개전전간시험，연구료불동시갑량대호마갑소영양전운분배급기산량적영향。결과표명，호마근、경、협화자립등기관적갑소루적주요재생식생장계단，점전생육기루적량적41．28％～64．09％；여불시갑상비，시갑조건하호마근、경화협갑소전운량분별증가료35．60％，29．06％화43．75％。근、경화협중균유갑소전운도자립，전운솔분별위17．78％～24．85％，14．82％～23．00％화39．40％～46．20％，대자립갑소적공헌솔분별위6．71％～14．12％，11．24％～23．97％화17．26％～50．83％。교불시갑처리，저、중화고갑수평하자립산량분별증산14．90％～24．12％，29．93％～30．11％화15．65％～23．13％，차중갑처리하증산폭도최대。종합호마갑소적루、전운여분배규률이급자립산량，본시험구동등비력토양조건하，요실현호마고산고효이시갑량37．5 kg／hm2위의。
This study aimed to identify the effect of different potassium supply levels on transportation and dis-tribution of potassium and on grain yield in oil flax.Using the oil flax cultivar “Baxuan No.3”,a field experi-ment was conducted with four potassium fertilizer application rates:control (K0 :0 kg K2 O/ha),low potassi-um (K1 :18.75 kg K2 O/ha),medium potassium (K2 :37.5 kg K2 O/ha)and high potassium (K3 :56.25 kg K2 O/ha)from 2011 to 2012 at Zhangjiakou,in Hebei Province,China.Significant differences in potassium ac-cumulation of different organs,including root,stem,leaf and grain,were observed.However,the changes in K content of each organ during the whole growing period were basically consistent and closely related to the rate of potassium fertilizer.The potassium accumulation in root,stem,leaf and grain was greatest during the reproductive stage of growth,and accounted for 41.28% - 64.09% of the accumulated potassium over all growth stages.Potassium uptake took place in all three organs:the root,stem and leaf.Compared with con-trol (K0 ),the potassium uptakes in root,stem and leaf under low potassium K1 (18.75 kg K2 O/ha),medium potassium K2 (37.50 kg K2 O/ha)and high potassium K3 (56.25 kg K2 O/ha)treatments were increased by 35.60%,29.06% and 43.75%,respectively.The potassium transportation rates from root,stem and leaf to grain were 17.78%-24.85%,14.82%-23.00% and 39.40%-46.20%,respectively,and the contribution of transported potassium to the total amount of grain potassium in oil flax was 6.71% -14.12%,11.24% -23.97% and 17.26%-50.83%,respectively.Meanwhile,compared with the control (K0 )treatment,grain yield increased by 14.90%-24.12%,29.93%-30.11% and 15.65%-23.13%,respectively,under the 3 po-tassium treatments,K1 ,K2 and K3 .Considering potassium accumulation,transportation,distribution and crop grain yield,the optimal potassium fertilizer fertilization for oil flax was 37.5 kg K2 O/ha (K2 )under the climatic conditions of the experimental area.
