CAJ | 학술논문

为粮田耕地污染监控预警及污染控制提供技术支持，以北京市房山区小麦/玉米轮作为研究对象，采用陶土头负压法，通过2年的田间小区对比试验，以不施肥处理为对照，分析比较优化施肥和常规施肥对淋溶液水质的影响，并测算不同施肥处理的排污系数。研究结果表明：不同的施肥处理氮素淋溶量占总养分淋溶的76％~82％，氮素淋溶中以硝态氮为主，占总氮素淋溶的60％~70％，最高可达到90％；在氮磷钾养分施入量相同的情况下，优化施肥处理在不同程度上降低了养分淋溶量，可使总氮淋溶量减少23％~31％，总磷淋溶量减少32％~46％，硝态氮淋溶量减少22％~36％，在降雨量大时，优化施肥处理可明显减少铵态氮的淋溶；经测算，小麦/玉米轮作农田耕地排污系数（产出每公斤农产品养分淋溶排出量）常规施肥处理总氮、总磷、铵态氮及硝态氮的排放量分别为687.2、3.25、0.22、440 mg，优化施肥处理的排放量分别为348、0.87、0.38、205.9 mg。
위량전경지오염감공예경급오염공제제공기술지지，이북경시방산구소맥/옥미륜작위연구대상，채용도토두부압법，통과2년적전간소구대비시험，이불시비처리위대조，분석비교우화시비화상규시비대림용액수질적영향，병측산불동시비처리적배오계수。연구결과표명：불동적시비처리담소림용량점총양분림용적76％~82％，담소림용중이초태담위주，점총담소림용적60％~70％，최고가체도90％；재담린갑양분시입량상동적정황하，우화시비처리재불동정도상강저료양분림용량，가사총담림용량감소23％~31％，총린림용량감소32％~46％，초태담림용량감소22％~36％，재강우량대시，우화시비처리가명현감소안태담적림용；경측산，소맥/옥미륜작농전경지배오계수（산출매공근농산품양분림용배출량）상규시비처리총담、총린、안태담급초태담적배방량분별위687.2、3.25、0.22、440 mg，우화시비처리적배방량분별위348、0.87、0.38、205.9 mg。
In order to find out nutrient leaching from different fertilization practices, a two-year nutrient leaching experiment was designed in a wheat-maize rotation farmland in Fangshan district, Beijing. Nutrient leaching was measured in optimized fertilization, traditional fertiliza-tion and no fertilization(control)fields using vacuum negative pressure. Results showed that TN leaching was accounted for 76%~82%of total nutrient leaching for all treatments. Nitrate nitrogen was the main component of TN losses, accounting for 60%~70%of TN leaching, with the highest of 90%. At the equal amounts of NPK, the optimized fertilization reduced TN leaching by 23%~31%, TP leaching by 32%~46%, and NO-x-N leaching by 22%~36%, compared with traditional fertilization. The reduction of NH+4-N leaching by the optimized fertil-ization was more significant under greater rainfall. In wheat-maize rotation system, the discharge coefficient of production per kilogram agri-cultural products for TN,TP, NH+4-N and NO-x-N was 687.2 mg, 3.25 mg, 0.22 mg and 440 mg for traditional fertilization and 348 mg, 0.87 mg, 0.38 mg and 205.9 mg for optimized fertilization, respectively. These results would provide technical support for pre-warning monitoring and pollution control of wheat-maize rotation system.