CAJ | 학술논문

为筛选适合于治理和修复酸性多金属污染土壤的无机混合改良剂，通过正交土壤培育实验，研究了不同剂量的石灰石、沸石和羟基磷灰石组配的混合改良剂对广东省韶关市大宝山周边的酸性多金属污染土壤的改良作用，根据其提高土壤pH和固定土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的效果，从中筛选出效果较好的6种混合改良剂配方，并以红油麦菜为供试植物进行盆栽试验。土壤培育实验显示，15种混合改良剂均显著提高了土壤pH，对土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd有很好的固定效果。统计分析显示，混合改良剂对土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn固化效果的影响依次为石灰石﹥羟基磷灰石﹥沸石，对Cu固化效果影响依次为石灰石﹥沸石﹥羟基磷灰石。盆栽试验发现：6种无机混合改良剂显著增加了土壤pH值，降低了Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb的有效态含量，且土壤pH值和Cd、Cu、Zn的有效态含量呈显著负相关。当土壤pH为6~7时，红油麦菜的生长健康，其中混合改良剂（4 g·kg-1沸石+2 g·kg-1石灰石+6 g·kg-1羟基磷灰石）处理后，红油麦菜可食部分的生物量最高。当土壤施加改良剂的用量过大、土壤pH过高时（处理A与B），植物的生长状态较差。虽然混合改良剂显著降低了土壤中Pb、Cd的有效态含量，但红油麦菜地上部的Cd含量均显著超过食品卫生标准，Pb含量超过或接近食品卫生标准。因此，石灰石、沸石和羟基磷灰石混合无机改良剂在改善红油麦菜的生长和提高产量上有很大效果，但不能保障红油麦菜在大宝山周边的酸性多金属污染土壤上的安全生产。
위사선괄합우치리화수복산성다금속오염토양적무궤혼합개량제，통과정교토양배육실험，연구료불동제량적석회석、비석화간기린회석조배적혼합개량제대광동성소관시대보산주변적산성다금속오염토양적개량작용，근거기제고토양pH화고정토양Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd적효과，종중사선출효과교호적6충혼합개량제배방，병이홍유맥채위공시식물진행분재시험。토양배육실험현시，15충혼합개량제균현저제고료토양pH，대토양중Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd유흔호적고정효과。통계분석현시，혼합개량제대토양중Pb、Cd、Zn고화효과적영향의차위석회석﹥간기린회석﹥비석，대Cu고화효과영향의차위석회석﹥비석﹥간기린회석。분재시험발현：6충무궤혼합개량제현저증가료토양pH치，강저료Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb적유효태함량，차토양pH치화Cd、Cu、Zn적유효태함량정현저부상관。당토양pH위6~7시，홍유맥채적생장건강，기중혼합개량제（4 g·kg-1비석+2 g·kg-1석회석+6 g·kg-1간기린회석）처리후，홍유맥채가식부분적생물량최고。당토양시가개량제적용량과대、토양pH과고시（처리A여B），식물적생장상태교차。수연혼합개량제현저강저료토양중Pb、Cd적유효태함량，단홍유맥채지상부적Cd함량균현저초과식품위생표준，Pb함량초과혹접근식품위생표준。인차，석회석、비석화간기린회석혼합무궤개량제재개선홍유맥채적생장화제고산량상유흔대효과，단불능보장홍유맥채재대보산주변적산성다금속오염토양상적안전생산。
The main objective of the present study was to determine the capacity of mixtures of some inorganic amendments to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in multiple-metals-contaminated acidic soil. Incubation experiment with orthogonal experimental design was conducted to study the efficiency of mixed inorganic amendments in increasing soil pH and decreasing the mobility of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in a multi-metals-contaminated acid soil collected from the Dabaoshan area of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province. Then a pot experiment was carried out to examine the effects of six different combinations of three inorganic amendments on heavy metal bioavailability and growth and heavy metal accumulation of red leaf lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.). All combinations of three inorganic amendments significantly increased soil pH and reduced the mobility and bioavailability of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in soil. The ability of immobilizing soil Pb, Cd, and Zn decreased in order of limestone ﹥hydroxyapatite ﹥zeolite, but for soil Cu it was limestone﹥ zeolite﹥hydroxyapatite. There were significant negative correlations between soil pH and bioavailable Cd, Zn, and Cu. When soil pH was raised to 6~7 by supplying inorganic amendments, red leaf lettuce grew healthy and the highest shoot biomass was obtained in soil treated with 4 g·kg-1 zeolite+2 g·kg-1 limestone+6 g·kg-1 hydrox-yapatite. However, over-doses of inorganic amendments inhibited the growth of red leaf lettuce. Though all these mixed amendments signifi-cantly reduced the bioavailability of Pb and Cd in soil, the shoot Cd concentrations were still greater than 0.2 mg·kg-1 (the limit for food health standard), while shoot Pb concentrations were close to the limit value(0.3 mg·kg-1). In summary, mixed amendments of limestone, zeolite and hydroxyapatite can improve the growth of red leaf lettuce in multi-metals contaminated acid soil, but the safety of red leaf lettuce is still a concern.