CAJ | 학술논문

应用生命周期评价方法分别对陕西关中地区耕作方式存在差异的富平和杨凌两地的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统进行评价，分析了轮作系统生命周期对能源消耗、土地资源利用、水资源消耗、全球变暖、环境酸化、富营养化、水体毒性、土壤毒性和人体毒性的影响，得到两地的生态环境综合影响指数分别为0.1669和0.3788。富平县小麦、玉米秸秆皆还田，而杨凌区仅小麦秸秆还田，两地的主要环境影响潜在因素不同，分别是富营养化和水体毒性，在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统下，富营养化、水体毒性和环境酸化对整个生命周期的生态环境影响较大，富平、杨凌两地的生态环境影响指数分别是0.0783、0.0202、0.0164和0.1105、0.2141、0.0232。农作系统产生了大量引起环境酸化和富营养化的污染物，主要是由于施肥方式不科学和农药施用过量，化肥、农药利用率低，造成了严重的环境负担，因而实施配方施肥、推广低毒农药是降低关中地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统生命周期的生态环境影响的关键。
응용생명주기평개방법분별대협서관중지구경작방식존재차이적부평화양릉량지적동소맥-하옥미륜작계통진행평개，분석료륜작계통생명주기대능원소모、토지자원이용、수자원소모、전구변난、배경산화、부영양화、수체독성、토양독성화인체독성적영향，득도량지적생태배경종합영향지수분별위0.1669화0.3788。부평현소맥、옥미갈간개환전，이양릉구부소맥갈간환전，량지적주요배경영향잠재인소불동，분별시부영양화화수체독성，재동소맥-하옥미륜작계통하，부영양화、수체독성화배경산화대정개생명주기적생태배경영향교대，부평、양릉량지적생태배경영향지수분별시0.0783、0.0202、0.0164화0.1105、0.2141、0.0232。농작계통산생료대량인기배경산화화부영양화적오염물，주요시유우시비방식불과학화농약시용과량，화비、농약이용솔저，조성료엄중적배경부담，인이실시배방시비、추엄저독농약시강저관중지구동소맥-하옥미륜작계통생명주기적생태배경영향적관건。
Winter wheat-summer maize rotation system is the most common rotation planting system in Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province. In this study, the environmental impacts(including energy consumption, land utilization, water utilization, global warming, acidifi-cation, eutrophication, water toxicity, soil toxicity, and human toxicity)of this system were evaluated by using life cycle assessment(LCA), on the basis of 1 ton of grain production. The primary data were collected from Fuping County and Yangling District of Guanzhong Region with different tillage practices. Results indicated that the ecological-environmental impact index was 0.166 9 and 0.378 8 for Fuping and Yangling, respectively. The dominating potential impact factors on the environment in two locations were different. In Fuping, eutrophication was the primary factor, whereas water toxicity was the main potential factor in Yangling. In the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, eutrophication, water toxicity and acidification were the major risks to the ecological environment, and their impact indexes were respectively 0.078 3, 0.020 2 and 0.016 4 in Fuping, and 0.110 5, 0.214 1 and 0.023 2 in Yangling. Irrational fertilization and excessive insecticide spray led to the environmental loads in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the Guanzhong Region.