CAJ | 학술논문

为了解决传统施药方式药液在植株中下冠层沉积量不足、雾滴粒径分布不均匀等问题，对常规喷杆喷雾扇形喷头设计了一种双平板感应式荷电装置，试验测量了该扇形静电喷头产生的雾滴荷质比、空间上的横向和纵向粒径分布并验证了在风幕和静电作用下雾滴的沉积性能。试验结果表明：荷质比随着静电电压的增大先增大后趋于稳定，随喷雾压力的增大而减小；静电作用能够减小雾滴粒径，并且使雾滴粒径横向分布更加均匀；随着喷头远离测量装置，纵向雾滴粒径逐渐增大；风幕作用能够改善雾滴在冠层中的沉积性能，相同条件下，有风幕时雾滴沉积分布的变异系数为0.645，与无风幕时的0.871降低了25.95%；静电作用能够改善雾滴在冠层中的沉积性能，在静电电压0和6 kV作用下，雾滴沉积分布的变异系数减小了50.2%；荷电条件下，随着喷雾压力的增大，雾滴的沉积分布均匀性反而会减小。该研究可为进一步研究新型喷头荷电装置及风幕式喷杆喷雾机的研发提供参考。
위료해결전통시약방식약액재식주중하관층침적량불족、무적립경분포불균균등문제，대상규분간분무선형분두설계료일충쌍평판감응식하전장치，시험측량료해선형정전분두산생적무적하질비、공간상적횡향화종향립경분포병험증료재풍막화정전작용하무적적침적성능。시험결과표명：하질비수착정전전압적증대선증대후추우은정，수분무압력적증대이감소；정전작용능구감소무적립경，병차사무적립경횡향분포경가균균；수착분두원리측량장치，종향무적립경축점증대；풍막작용능구개선무적재관층중적침적성능，상동조건하，유풍막시무적침적분포적변이계수위0.645，여무풍막시적0.871강저료25.95%；정전작용능구개선무적재관층중적침적성능，재정전전압0화6 kV작용하，무적침적분포적변이계수감소료50.2%；하전조건하，수착분무압력적증대，무적적침적분포균균성반이회감소。해연구가위진일보연구신형분두하전장치급풍막식분간분무궤적연발제공삼고。
To solve the problem of less liquid deposition on the middle and lower plant canopy and uneven distribution of particle diameter by traditional pesticide application methods, this paper conducted the exploratory research about the application of the technology of pneumatic auxiliary spray combined with electrostatic spray. The charge-to-mass ratios of the droplets under different spray pressures and voltages were measured by measurement system. The results indicated that the charge-to-mass ratio increased as the voltage increased and then tended to be stable, yet decreased with the increase of spray pressure. The particle diameter spatial distribution of the droplets under charging or not was measured by Winner318B laser particle size analyzer;the horizontal and longitudinal stent in the system could move precisely so as to adjust the position of the nozzle relative to the measuring line of the laser particle size analyzer. The results showed that the volume median diameters (VMD) of the droplets decreased and then tended to increase when the nozzle moved from 0 to 3 in the horizontal stent; in the condition of no charging, the VMD of the droplets was 108.48μm and the coefficient of variation of droplet sizes was 11.96%, while in the condition of charging, the VMD of the droplets was 83.67μm and the coefficient of variation of droplet sizes was 7.48%;and the VMD of the droplets increased when the nozzle moved from 6 to 4 in the longitudinal stent. For analyzing the influence of wind-curtain, spray pressure and voltage on droplets deposition performance, the wind-curtain electrostatic boom spray system was set up and the experiment on droplet deposition performance was conducted. The system used cochineal solution as spraying liquid, and used radermachera hainanensis merr. as simulation target. Layout the film on the upper, middle, lower position plant canopy for collecting the droplets deposited. In order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, the droplet collection started after spray being stable with the duration of 20 s, and the film sample was eluted by 50 ml distilled water, the absorbance of the eluant was measured by UV-2100PCS UV-VIS spectrophotometer and then converted into the concentration based on the curve equation. Finally, calculate the unit area droplets deposited amount (UADDA) on plant canopy. The wind-curtain effect (the wind-curtain outlet wind speed was 20 m/s) could improve the UADDA under spray pressure of 0.2 MPa and no voltage, in which the coefficient of variation of droplet deposition distribution under wind-curtain was 0.645, and compared with no wind-curtain, the coefficient of variation declined by 25.95%. The electrostatic effect could also improve the UADDA when spray pressure was 0.2MPa and the wind-curtain outlet wind speed was 20 m/s, in this case, the coefficient of variation of droplet deposition distribution decreased from 0.645 to 0.321, reduced by 50.2%; when droplets were charged, the coefficient of variation of droplet deposition distribution increased as the spray pressure increased. This study provides the theory and design basis for the development of innovative wind-curtain electrostatic boom sprayer and offers the experience for the field test which will be conducted next.