农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
7期
109-117
,共9页
周昌明%李援农%银敏华%谷晓博%赵玺
週昌明%李援農%銀敏華%穀曉博%趙璽
주창명%리원농%은민화%곡효박%조새
地膜%降解%土壤%夏玉米%根系%水分利用效率%产量
地膜%降解%土壤%夏玉米%根繫%水分利用效率%產量
지막%강해%토양%하옥미%근계%수분이용효솔%산량
films%degration%soils%summer maize%root%water use efficiency%yield
普通地膜覆盖导致的环境污染和土地退化已越来越严重，用降解膜代替普通地膜覆盖是目前研究较多的一种解决方法。为了探究更加有效的降解膜覆盖方式，2013－2014年采用田间试验方法，探讨平地无覆盖种植（CK）、平地全降解膜覆盖种植（M1）、垄覆降解膜沟种植（M2）、连垄全降解膜覆盖种植（M3）4种覆盖种植方式对土壤水分蓄积、玉米根系生长、产量以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，M1、M2、M3处理下，2 a平均贮水量较CK分别提高了7.40%、9.54%和13.21%，整个生育期蓄水量也显著高于CK对照（P＜0.05）。3种覆盖处理的根长、根表面积、根体积以及根干质量均显著高于CK处理，根系密度较CK分别增加了9.23%、13.85%、16.92%，蓄水量与玉米总根长、根表面积相关系数分别达到0.83、0.77。M1、M2、M3覆盖处理2 a平均产量比CK增加16.03%、18.53%、40.22%，水分利用效率提高21.29%、26.57%、57.27%，蓄水量与籽粒产量、水分利用效率均具有极显著的正相关性，相关系数分别为0.91和0.86，其中M3覆盖处理对田间集水效果、作物根系生长以及产量影响最大，覆盖效果显著优于M1、M2处理。因此，连垄全覆盖降解膜种植方式（M3）能有效发挥最佳的蓄积雨水、促进玉米生长和提高产量的效果，对于旱区降解膜覆盖研究具有重要的实际意义和理论价值。
普通地膜覆蓋導緻的環境汙染和土地退化已越來越嚴重，用降解膜代替普通地膜覆蓋是目前研究較多的一種解決方法。為瞭探究更加有效的降解膜覆蓋方式，2013－2014年採用田間試驗方法，探討平地無覆蓋種植（CK）、平地全降解膜覆蓋種植（M1）、壟覆降解膜溝種植（M2）、連壟全降解膜覆蓋種植（M3）4種覆蓋種植方式對土壤水分蓄積、玉米根繫生長、產量以及水分利用效率的影響。結果錶明，M1、M2、M3處理下，2 a平均貯水量較CK分彆提高瞭7.40%、9.54%和13.21%，整箇生育期蓄水量也顯著高于CK對照（P＜0.05）。3種覆蓋處理的根長、根錶麵積、根體積以及根榦質量均顯著高于CK處理，根繫密度較CK分彆增加瞭9.23%、13.85%、16.92%，蓄水量與玉米總根長、根錶麵積相關繫數分彆達到0.83、0.77。M1、M2、M3覆蓋處理2 a平均產量比CK增加16.03%、18.53%、40.22%，水分利用效率提高21.29%、26.57%、57.27%，蓄水量與籽粒產量、水分利用效率均具有極顯著的正相關性，相關繫數分彆為0.91和0.86，其中M3覆蓋處理對田間集水效果、作物根繫生長以及產量影響最大，覆蓋效果顯著優于M1、M2處理。因此，連壟全覆蓋降解膜種植方式（M3）能有效髮揮最佳的蓄積雨水、促進玉米生長和提高產量的效果，對于旱區降解膜覆蓋研究具有重要的實際意義和理論價值。
보통지막복개도치적배경오염화토지퇴화이월래월엄중，용강해막대체보통지막복개시목전연구교다적일충해결방법。위료탐구경가유효적강해막복개방식，2013－2014년채용전간시험방법，탐토평지무복개충식（CK）、평지전강해막복개충식（M1）、롱복강해막구충식（M2）、련롱전강해막복개충식（M3）4충복개충식방식대토양수분축적、옥미근계생장、산량이급수분이용효솔적영향。결과표명，M1、M2、M3처리하，2 a평균저수량교CK분별제고료7.40%、9.54%화13.21%，정개생육기축수량야현저고우CK대조（P＜0.05）。3충복개처리적근장、근표면적、근체적이급근간질량균현저고우CK처리，근계밀도교CK분별증가료9.23%、13.85%、16.92%，축수량여옥미총근장、근표면적상관계수분별체도0.83、0.77。M1、M2、M3복개처리2 a평균산량비CK증가16.03%、18.53%、40.22%，수분이용효솔제고21.29%、26.57%、57.27%，축수량여자립산량、수분이용효솔균구유겁현저적정상관성，상관계수분별위0.91화0.86，기중M3복개처리대전간집수효과、작물근계생장이급산량영향최대，복개효과현저우우M1、M2처리。인차，련롱전복개강해막충식방식（M3）능유효발휘최가적축적우수、촉진옥미생장화제고산량적효과，대우한구강해막복개연구구유중요적실제의의화이론개치。
Plastic film mulching can reduce soil evaporation and improve water use efficiency, thereby relieving water shortage and steadily increasing crop productivity in arid and semi-arid region of China. For such reasons, plastic mulching film has been increasingly used, which leads to many negative effects such as environment pollution and land degeneration. Biodegradable film is considered to be a promising way to solve such problems caused by plastic film without compromising its positive effects. Many studies focus on the effects of biodegradable film mulch on soil water storage and maize growth, but few has dedicated to the effect of biodegradable film mulching combined with planting patterns on maize growth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of biodegradable film with plating patterns on soil water storage, maize root growth and maize yield. A field experiment was carried out from June to November in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Four kinds of treatments were designed using complete randomized block design with three replicates, respectively: flat planting without mulching (CK), flat planting with biodegradable film mulching (M1), ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridge only (M2) and ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridges (M3). The maize variety was Luodan 9 for the two-year experiments. Soil moisture of 0-200 cm depth during different growth stage and before and after a rainfall, maize yield and root growth (including root length, root surface area, root volume and total root dry weight) in the maize mature stage under different mulching patterns were measured. The correlation between soil water storage capacity and root indicators, water use efficiency and yield was analyzed. Results showed that degradation of films under different plating patterns was similar. The mulching treatments all played an important role in rainfall harvesting. With the degradation of biodegradable film, the capacity of rainwater harvesting under all mulching treatments reduced. Average soil water storage of two years under M1, M2 and M3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that under CK in 2013 and 2014, and increased by 7.40%, 9.54%and 13.21%than CK respectively. Water consumption under three mulching treatments in 2013 and 2014 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of CK, mainly due to the fact that biodegradable mulching film reduces land surface evaporation effectively. The root length, root surface area, root volume and total root dry weight under three mulching treatments were all significantly (P<0.05) higher than those under CK,and root length density for maize in mature periods under M1, M2 and M3 were improved by 9.23%, 13.85% and 16.92%compared to CK, respectively. The reason of such a difference between CK and three treatments might be the improvement of water storage capacity and root growth of maize under three mulching treatments. The correlation coefficient between water storage capacity and total root length was 0.83, while the correlation coefficient between water storage capacity and root surface area was 0.77. Compared to CK, the average yield in 2013 and 2014 under treatments of M1, M2 and M3 increased by 16.03%, 18.53%, 40.22%, average water use efficiency in the two years increased by 21.29%, 26.57%, 57.27%, and average rainfall use efficiency increased by 13.98%, 19.57%, 35.65%, respectively. Water storage capacity had significant positive correlation with grain yield and water use efficiency and the correlation coefficient was 0.91 and 0.86 respectively. Evapotranspiration had significant negative correlation with grain yield and water use efficiency and the correlation coefficient was 0.77 and 0.86, respectively. Comparably, M3 was best among the three treatments in improving soil water storage, root growth and yield of maize, and ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridges could be an effective method for maize cultivation in drought area.
