CAJ | 학술논문

披碱草属不仅是小麦、大麦等作物的重要基因库，也是优良牧草的重要组成部分.胚乳是麦类作物种子的重要组成部分，其重量占籽粒重量在90％以上.胚乳特性是一个相对稳定的遗传性状，可以将胚乳特性作为植物分类和系统关系的一个指标.胚乳细胞特征作为植物的一类微形态特征，在麦类植物系统分类与进化研究中具有一定的价值.该研究对小麦族的6个披碱草属(Elymus )物种、2个拟鹅观草属(Pseudoroeg-neria )物种、1个大麦属(Hordeum )物种和2个冰草属(Agropyron )物种，共4属11份材料的胚乳细胞特征进行解剖观察并测量相关指标.结果表明：(1)不同属、种的植物种子胚乳细胞之间存在丰富的多样性，属间差异大于属内种间差异；(2)同样具有 P 染色体组的 Agropyron cristatum 和 A ．mongolicum 与同样具有 St染色体组的 Pseudoroegneria libanotica 和 P ．spicata 各自在细胞形状和大小上的差异很小；(3)不同物种的胚乳细胞在大小、形状和数量上均表现出差异，但不能很好地反映属以及基因组间的差异，研究结果为揭示披碱草属植物的系统关系提供了胚乳细胞方面的证据，同时也为利用该属植物改良麦类作物品质积累资料.
피감초속불부시소맥、대맥등작물적중요기인고，야시우량목초적중요조성부분.배유시맥류작물충자적중요조성부분，기중량점자립중량재90％이상.배유특성시일개상대은정적유전성상，가이장배유특성작위식물분류화계통관계적일개지표.배유세포특정작위식물적일류미형태특정，재맥류식물계통분류여진화연구중구유일정적개치.해연구대소맥족적6개피감초속(Elymus )물충、2개의아관초속(Pseudoroeg-neria )물충、1개대맥속(Hordeum )물충화2개빙초속(Agropyron )물충，공4속11빈재료적배유세포특정진행해부관찰병측량상관지표.결과표명：(1)불동속、충적식물충자배유세포지간존재봉부적다양성，속간차이대우속내충간차이；(2)동양구유 P 염색체조적 Agropyron cristatum 화 A ．mongolicum 여동양구유 St염색체조적 Pseudoroegneria libanotica 화 P ．spicata 각자재세포형상화대소상적차이흔소；(3)불동물충적배유세포재대소、형상화수량상균표현출차이，단불능흔호지반영속이급기인조간적차이，연구결과위게시피감초속식물적계통관계제공료배유세포방면적증거，동시야위이용해속식물개량맥류작물품질적루자료.
Elymus L.is not only an important gene pool for crops,such as wheat and barley,but also an important part of fine forages.The endosperm is a important part to seeds of cereal crops and the weight of endosperm is more than 90% in cereal crops seeds.The endosperm characteristics is a relatively stable genetic character,which can be used as a indicator to research plant classification and phylogenetic relationships.As the kind of micro morphological characteristics of plants,the endosperm characteristics is valuable in phylogeny of Triticeae .To provide evidence of the endosperm cells for reveal the phylogenetic relationships of Elymus species,as well as accumulate data for use the genus improve the quality of wheat and barley.The endosperm cells of 11 Triticeae species which belong to 6 Elymus species,2 Pseudoroegneria species,1 Hordeum species or 2 Agropyron species,were surveyed in this pa-per.The results were as follows:(1)Significant variations existed in the size,forms and quantity of endosperm cells in those species;(2)The cell shape and size existed small variations in Agropyron cristatum (P),A .mongolicum (P)and Pseudoroegneria libanotica (St),P .spicata (St),respectively;(3)The differences in genera were smal-ler than those in species,indicating that the characters of endosperm cells had less value in the systematic studies of those genera than in the studies of those species in Triticeae .