CAJ | 학술논문

为了解湖南省保护地草莓灰霉病的发生与防治情况，2013年2~4月对位于湖南省湘南的郴州、衡阳，湘东的长沙、株洲、湘潭，湘中的邵阳，湘北的岳阳、湘西的怀化等地区的保护地灰霉病的发生和防治情况进行了调查。结果表明：①各调查地区草莓灰霉病普遍发生，但发生严重程度存在差别，其中湘中邵阳市大兴村的病果率和病情指数最高达到46.67%和6.34，湘南衡阳师古村病果率次之，但并不严重，其他地区病果率和病情指数均呈正相关；②连作棚年限越长，病害发生越严重；轮作棚草莓灰霉病的发生相对较轻，病果率介于9%~14%之间，而且病害发生也不严重；③不同草莓品种抗病能力不同，中章姬品种的草莓病果率和病情指数较低，其次为法兰地、红颜品种的草莓和丰香品种的草莓病果率和病情指数相当，甜查理的病果率和病情指数最高，发病最严重；④定植时期早晚对草莓灰霉病的发生有影响，其中9月上中旬定植草莓灰霉病病果率和病情指数均较高；9月下旬至10月上旬定植病害的发生相对较轻；10月中旬及其以后定植不仅抗寒效果差，而且产果慢，经济效益差；⑤不同大棚类型也影响草莓灰霉病发生的轻重，其中全封闭立柱拱棚的病果率和病情指数最高为38%和5.87，简易连栋拱棚次之，拱形单栋式拱棚和无立柱半封闭拱棚相当，日光智能温室大棚发生最轻；⑥当前，湖南省防治草莓灰霉病使用最多的药剂是腐霉利，多菌灵次之，其他农药依据所占调查比例的高低依次为甲基托布津、嘧菌环胺、咯菌腈、异菌脲、多抗霉素、甲基嘧菌。首次对湖南省保护地草莓灰霉病发生情况的调查，其结果将为进一步开展湖南省保护地草莓灰霉病的系统研究和防控奠定基础。
위료해호남성보호지초매회매병적발생여방치정황，2013년2~4월대위우호남성상남적침주、형양，상동적장사、주주、상담，상중적소양，상북적악양、상서적부화등지구적보호지회매병적발생화방치정황진행료조사。결과표명：①각조사지구초매회매병보편발생，단발생엄중정도존재차별，기중상중소양시대흥촌적병과솔화병정지수최고체도46.67%화6.34，상남형양사고촌병과솔차지，단병불엄중，기타지구병과솔화병정지수균정정상관；②련작붕년한월장，병해발생월엄중；륜작붕초매회매병적발생상대교경，병과솔개우9%~14%지간，이차병해발생야불엄중；③불동초매품충항병능력불동，중장희품충적초매병과솔화병정지수교저，기차위법란지、홍안품충적초매화봉향품충적초매병과솔화병정지수상당，첨사리적병과솔화병정지수최고，발병최엄중；④정식시기조만대초매회매병적발생유영향，기중9월상중순정식초매회매병병과솔화병정지수균교고；9월하순지10월상순정식병해적발생상대교경；10월중순급기이후정식불부항한효과차，이차산과만，경제효익차；⑤불동대붕류형야영향초매회매병발생적경중，기중전봉폐립주공붕적병과솔화병정지수최고위38%화5.87，간역련동공붕차지，공형단동식공붕화무립주반봉폐공붕상당，일광지능온실대붕발생최경；⑥당전，호남성방치초매회매병사용최다적약제시부매리，다균령차지，기타농약의거소점조사비례적고저의차위갑기탁포진、밀균배알、각균정、이균뇨、다항매소、갑기밀균。수차대호남성보호지초매회매병발생정황적조사，기결과장위진일보개전호남성보호지초매회매병적계통연구화방공전정기출。
In order to understand the occurrence and control of strawberry grey mould in plastic green houses in Hu-nan Province,the situation of the disease was investigated during February~April in 2013 over plastic green houses in cities of east,central,north,and west areas of Hunan Province. The results showed that①the disease occurred com-monly,however,there were some difference among these areas. Among them in Daxing village of Shaoyang city dis-eased fruit rate(DFR)and disease index(DI)was as high as 46. 67 % and 6. 34 respectively. The DFR in Shigu village of Hengyang city came the second,though not serious. Among other regions,there existed a certain positive correlation between DFR and DI. ② The longer of continuous cropping the graver the disease occurred. The occur-rence of the disease was light in those green houses where rotation cropping was taken,the DFR was between 9% ~14%,and the diseases were not grave. ③ Different variety has different premunition against the disease,Akihime had the lowest index of DFR and disease condition( DC),followed by Flange,Hongyan and Fengxiang varieties had equivalent rate and index. While sweet Charles had the highest index of DFR and DC. ④The time of plant setting al-so affected the occurrence of the disease;DFR and DC were fairly high when plant setting was in the 1st and 2nd 10 days of September;while those in the last 10 days of September and the 1st 10 days of October were fairly light;those in the 2nd 10 days and/or later,the plant had low cold resistance and sluggish fruiting,therefore,poor economic re-turns. ⑤The type of green house also affects the occurrence intensity of the disease,among them totally enclosed stud arched green house had the highest DFR and DC index,they were 38% and 5. 87,followed by simple,having joint ridgepole,and equivalent with arched single ridgepole,non-stud one;While the sunlight,smart plastic green houses had the lightest rate. ⑥The most common used pesticide to control the disease according to the high-and-low propor-tion in the investigation reports is procymidone,follows with carbendazim,thiophanate-methyl,cyprodinil,fludioxo-nil,iprodione,polyoxins,and dynmethanil. This paper was the first investigation report on the occurrence of straw-berry grey mould in plastic green houses in Hunan Province,the results have laid a foundation for further and systemic research on prevention and control of the disease in the Province.