CAJ | 학술논문

目的：探讨不同养护模式下老年人的养护需求和养护能力之间的差异。方法2014年6—8月，采用分层方便抽样法抽取锦州市家庭、养老院、老年公寓、老年护理院/康复院的418名老年人。采用一般资料问卷、日常生活活动能力（ADLs）量表和自行编制的老年人养护需求量表、自我养护能力量表、家庭支持能力量表对家庭、养老院、老年公寓、老年护理院/康复院养护模式下老年人的养护需求和养护能力进行访谈式问卷调查。结果共发放418份调查问卷，回收有效问卷412份，有效回收率为98.6%。4种养护模式的老年人年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、工作状况、患病情况、月收入、子女数量、医疗保险情况、生活满意度、失能情况比较，差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。养老院养护模式物质需求得分、医疗健康需求得分高于家庭养护模式，精神文化需求得分低于家庭养护模式（ P <0.05）；老年公寓养护模式物质需求得分低于养老院养护模式，医疗健康需求得分低于家庭、养老院养护模式，精神文化需求得分高于家庭、养老院养护模式（P <0.05）；老年护理院/康复院养护模式物质需求得分低于养老院养护模式，医疗健康需求得分高于家庭、养老院、老年公寓养护模式，精神文化需求得分低于家庭、养老院、老年公寓养护模式（P <0.05）。养老院养护模式医疗健康能力得分高于家庭养护模式，经济能力得分低于家庭养护模式（P <0.05）；老年公寓养护模式医疗健康能力得分、经济能力得分高于家庭、养老院养护模式，社交能力得分高于养老院养护模式（P <0.05）；老年护理院/康复院养护模式生活自理能力得分、医疗健康能力得分、社交能力得分低于家庭、养老院、老年公寓养护模式，经济能力得分高于养老院养护模式（P <0.05）。养老院养护模式配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分及其他得分低于家庭养护模式（P <0.05）；老年公寓养护模式配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分低于家庭养护模式，子女支持能力得分高于养老院养护模式，其他得分高于家庭、养老院养护模式（P <0.05）；老年护理院/康复院养护模式配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分低于家庭养护模式，配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分及其他得分高于养老院养护模式（P <0.05）。结论不同养护模式下老年人的养护需求和养护能力存在差异，需要针对老年人养护模式的特点及其养护能力的现状，满足其养护需求，提高其生活质量。目的：探討不同養護模式下老年人的養護需求和養護能力之間的差異。方法2014年6—8月，採用分層方便抽樣法抽取錦州市傢庭、養老院、老年公寓、老年護理院/康複院的418名老年人。採用一般資料問捲、日常生活活動能力（ADLs）量錶和自行編製的老年人養護需求量錶、自我養護能力量錶、傢庭支持能力量錶對傢庭、養老院、老年公寓、老年護理院/康複院養護模式下老年人的養護需求和養護能力進行訪談式問捲調查。結果共髮放418份調查問捲，迴收有效問捲412份，有效迴收率為98.6%。4種養護模式的老年人年齡、婚姻狀況、文化程度、工作狀況、患病情況、月收入、子女數量、醫療保險情況、生活滿意度、失能情況比較，差異有統計學意義（ P <0.05）。養老院養護模式物質需求得分、醫療健康需求得分高于傢庭養護模式，精神文化需求得分低于傢庭養護模式（ P <0.05）；老年公寓養護模式物質需求得分低于養老院養護模式，醫療健康需求得分低于傢庭、養老院養護模式，精神文化需求得分高于傢庭、養老院養護模式（P <0.05）；老年護理院/康複院養護模式物質需求得分低于養老院養護模式，醫療健康需求得分高于傢庭、養老院、老年公寓養護模式，精神文化需求得分低于傢庭、養老院、老年公寓養護模式（P <0.05）。養老院養護模式醫療健康能力得分高于傢庭養護模式，經濟能力得分低于傢庭養護模式（P <0.05）；老年公寓養護模式醫療健康能力得分、經濟能力得分高于傢庭、養老院養護模式，社交能力得分高于養老院養護模式（P <0.05）；老年護理院/康複院養護模式生活自理能力得分、醫療健康能力得分、社交能力得分低于傢庭、養老院、老年公寓養護模式，經濟能力得分高于養老院養護模式（P <0.05）。養老院養護模式配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分及其他得分低于傢庭養護模式（P <0.05）；老年公寓養護模式配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分低于傢庭養護模式，子女支持能力得分高于養老院養護模式，其他得分高于傢庭、養老院養護模式（P <0.05）；老年護理院/康複院養護模式配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分低于傢庭養護模式，配偶支持能力得分、子女支持能力得分及其他得分高于養老院養護模式（P <0.05）。結論不同養護模式下老年人的養護需求和養護能力存在差異，需要針對老年人養護模式的特點及其養護能力的現狀，滿足其養護需求，提高其生活質量。
목적：탐토불동양호모식하노년인적양호수구화양호능력지간적차이。방법2014년6—8월，채용분층방편추양법추취금주시가정、양로원、노년공우、노년호리원/강복원적418명노년인。채용일반자료문권、일상생활활동능력（ADLs）량표화자행편제적노년인양호수구량표、자아양호능역량표、가정지지능역량표대가정、양로원、노년공우、노년호리원/강복원양호모식하노년인적양호수구화양호능력진행방담식문권조사。결과공발방418빈조사문권，회수유효문권412빈，유효회수솔위98.6%。4충양호모식적노년인년령、혼인상황、문화정도、공작상황、환병정황、월수입、자녀수량、의료보험정황、생활만의도、실능정황비교，차이유통계학의의（ P <0.05）。양로원양호모식물질수구득분、의료건강수구득분고우가정양호모식，정신문화수구득분저우가정양호모식（ P <0.05）；노년공우양호모식물질수구득분저우양로원양호모식，의료건강수구득분저우가정、양로원양호모식，정신문화수구득분고우가정、양로원양호모식（P <0.05）；노년호리원/강복원양호모식물질수구득분저우양로원양호모식，의료건강수구득분고우가정、양로원、노년공우양호모식，정신문화수구득분저우가정、양로원、노년공우양호모식（P <0.05）。양로원양호모식의료건강능력득분고우가정양호모식，경제능력득분저우가정양호모식（P <0.05）；노년공우양호모식의료건강능력득분、경제능력득분고우가정、양로원양호모식，사교능력득분고우양로원양호모식（P <0.05）；노년호리원/강복원양호모식생활자리능력득분、의료건강능력득분、사교능력득분저우가정、양로원、노년공우양호모식，경제능력득분고우양로원양호모식（P <0.05）。양로원양호모식배우지지능력득분、자녀지지능력득분급기타득분저우가정양호모식（P <0.05）；노년공우양호모식배우지지능력득분、자녀지지능력득분저우가정양호모식，자녀지지능력득분고우양로원양호모식，기타득분고우가정、양로원양호모식（P <0.05）；노년호리원/강복원양호모식배우지지능력득분、자녀지지능력득분저우가정양호모식，배우지지능력득분、자녀지지능력득분급기타득분고우양로원양호모식（P <0.05）。결론불동양호모식하노년인적양호수구화양호능력존재차이，수요침대노년인양호모식적특점급기양호능력적현상，만족기양호수구，제고기생활질량。
Objectjve To investigate the differences in caring demands and abilities of the elderly in different caring modes. Methods From June to August 2014,stratified sampling method was employed to select 418 elderly people from families,nursing homes,apartments,elderly caring homes or rehabilitation hospitals in Jinzhou city. The questionnaires of general information,activities of daily living(ADLs)scales and self - designed scales involving elderly caring demands,self -caring abilities and family supporting abilities were distributed to investigate the status of caring demands and abilities of the elderly in different caring modes including family, nursing homes, apartments, elderly caring homes or rehabilitation hospitals. Results A total of 418 questionnaires were distributed,412 valid questionnaires were available,the effective recovery rate was 98. 6%. The 4 different caring modes manifested statistical significances in the age,marital status,educational degree, work status,prevalence,monthly income,number of children,health insurance status,life satisfaction and disability status, (P < 0. 05). The scores of the demands for materials and medical health of the elderly living in nursing homes were higher than those of the elderly living in family,while the scores of spiritual and cultural demands were lower those of the elderly living in family(P < 0. 05);the score of the demand for materials of the elderly living in apartments was lower than that of the elderly living in nursing homes,the score of the demand for medical health in apartments was lower than that of the elderly in nursing homes;the scores of spiritual and cultural demands of the elderly living in apartments were higher than those of the elderly in families and nursing homes(P < 0. 05);the score of the demand for materials of the elderly living in elderly caring homes or rehabilitation hospitals was lower than that of the elderly living in nursing homes;the score of the demand for medical health of the elderly living in caring homes or rehabilitation hospitals was higher than living that of the elderly in families,nursing homes and apartments;the scores of the spiritual and cultural demands of the elderly living in elderly caring homes or rehabilitation hospitals were lower than those of the elderly living in families,nursing homes and apartments(P < 0. 05). The score of medical health ability of the elderly living in nursing home was higher than living that of the elderly in families,but the score of economic ability was lower than that of the elderly living in families(P < 0. 05);the score of medical health ability and economic ability of the elderly living in apartments was higher than that of the elderly living in families and nursing homes;in addition,the score of social ability was higher than that of the elderly living in nursing homes(P < 0. 05);the scores of self - caring,medical health and social ability of the elderly living in elderly caring homes or rehabilitation hospitals were lower than those of the elderly living in family,nursing homes and apartments,but the score of economic ability was higher than the elderly living that of the elderly in nursing homes(P < 0. 05). The scores of supporting abilities from spouses,children or others in nursing homes were lower than those of the elderly in families(P < 0. 05);the scores of supporting abilities from spouses and children of the elderly living in apartments were lower than those of the elderly living in families,but the score of supporting abilities from children,was higher than that of the elderly living in nursing homes;in addition,the score of supporting abilities from others,was higher than that of the elderly living in families and nursing homes(P < 0. 05);the scores of supporting abilities from spouses and children of the elderly living in elderly caring homes or rehabilitation hospitals were lower than those of the elderly in family,but the scores of support abilities from spouses,children and others were higher than those of the elderly living in nursing homes( P < 0. 05). Conclusjon There are significant differences in caring demands and abilities of the elderly in different caring modes. It is necessary to meet their caring demands and improve the quality of their living quality,according to the characteristics of the caring modes and status of the caring and nursing abilities of the elderly in China.