中国全科医学
中國全科醫學
중국전과의학
CHINESE GENERAL PRACTICE
2015年
14期
1714-1716
,共3页
通气机,负压%冷凝水%感染%细菌
通氣機,負壓%冷凝水%感染%細菌
통기궤,부압%냉응수%감염%세균
Ventilators,negative - pressure%Condensation%Infection%Bacteria
背景呼吸机的普遍使用导致呼吸机管道的感染率越来越高。冷凝水作为呼吸机管道中最易发生感染的部位不容忽视。目的监测呼吸机管道中冷凝水最易发生感染的时间段及菌群,为冷凝水的管理和临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法选择2014年3月—2014年7月入住锦州市中心医院 ICU 使用呼吸机时间大于24 h 的30例患者,在患者上机后的12、18、24 h 时3个时间点分别采集呼吸机管道中的冷凝水进行细菌培养及种类鉴定。结果冷凝水在上机后12、18、24 h 时3个时间点细菌感染率分别为13.3%(4例)、93.3%(28例)、100.0%(30例),3个时间点细菌培养结果比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=65.11,P <0.01)。其中18、24 h 时感染率均明显高于12 h 时(χ2=38.57、45.88,P <0.01),18 h 和24 h 时感染率间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.07,P >0.05)。在送检的90例次冷凝水标本中62例次发生感染,共检测出156株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌占首位(65.4%,102株),其次为革兰阳性菌(24.4%,38株),最后是真菌(10.2%,16株)。结论上呼吸机后12~18 h 是呼吸机管道中冷凝水最易发生感染的时间段,为了减少感染,护理人员应该在12 h 内及时倾倒冷凝水,最迟不超过18 h。临床上应针对感染菌种类合理用药,防止耐药。
揹景呼吸機的普遍使用導緻呼吸機管道的感染率越來越高。冷凝水作為呼吸機管道中最易髮生感染的部位不容忽視。目的鑑測呼吸機管道中冷凝水最易髮生感染的時間段及菌群,為冷凝水的管理和臨床閤理用藥提供科學依據。方法選擇2014年3月—2014年7月入住錦州市中心醫院 ICU 使用呼吸機時間大于24 h 的30例患者,在患者上機後的12、18、24 h 時3箇時間點分彆採集呼吸機管道中的冷凝水進行細菌培養及種類鑒定。結果冷凝水在上機後12、18、24 h 時3箇時間點細菌感染率分彆為13.3%(4例)、93.3%(28例)、100.0%(30例),3箇時間點細菌培養結果比較,差異有統計學意義(χ2=65.11,P <0.01)。其中18、24 h 時感染率均明顯高于12 h 時(χ2=38.57、45.88,P <0.01),18 h 和24 h 時感染率間差異無統計學意義(χ2=2.07,P >0.05)。在送檢的90例次冷凝水標本中62例次髮生感染,共檢測齣156株病原菌,其中革蘭陰性菌佔首位(65.4%,102株),其次為革蘭暘性菌(24.4%,38株),最後是真菌(10.2%,16株)。結論上呼吸機後12~18 h 是呼吸機管道中冷凝水最易髮生感染的時間段,為瞭減少感染,護理人員應該在12 h 內及時傾倒冷凝水,最遲不超過18 h。臨床上應針對感染菌種類閤理用藥,防止耐藥。
배경호흡궤적보편사용도치호흡궤관도적감염솔월래월고。냉응수작위호흡궤관도중최역발생감염적부위불용홀시。목적감측호흡궤관도중냉응수최역발생감염적시간단급균군,위냉응수적관리화림상합리용약제공과학의거。방법선택2014년3월—2014년7월입주금주시중심의원 ICU 사용호흡궤시간대우24 h 적30례환자,재환자상궤후적12、18、24 h 시3개시간점분별채집호흡궤관도중적냉응수진행세균배양급충류감정。결과냉응수재상궤후12、18、24 h 시3개시간점세균감염솔분별위13.3%(4례)、93.3%(28례)、100.0%(30례),3개시간점세균배양결과비교,차이유통계학의의(χ2=65.11,P <0.01)。기중18、24 h 시감염솔균명현고우12 h 시(χ2=38.57、45.88,P <0.01),18 h 화24 h 시감염솔간차이무통계학의의(χ2=2.07,P >0.05)。재송검적90례차냉응수표본중62례차발생감염,공검측출156주병원균,기중혁란음성균점수위(65.4%,102주),기차위혁란양성균(24.4%,38주),최후시진균(10.2%,16주)。결론상호흡궤후12~18 h 시호흡궤관도중냉응수최역발생감염적시간단,위료감소감염,호리인원응해재12 h 내급시경도냉응수,최지불초과18 h。림상상응침대감염균충류합리용약,방지내약。
Background The rate of bacterial infection caused by the condensate water in ventilator circuits is rising with the common use of mechanical ventilators. Condensate water should not be ignored as the part where bacterial infection is most likely to occur. Objective To investigate the time range when infection was most likely to occur and the common bacteria strains in the condensate water in ventilator circuits. Methods We enrolled 30 patients who were admitted into the ICU of Jinzhou Central Hospital and received mechanical ventilation of more than 24 hours from March 2014 to July 2014. The condensate water in the ventilator circuits was sampled at 12 hours,18 hour and 24 hours after the ventilation began,and the bacteria were cultured and identified. Results The rates of bacterial infection at 12 h,18 h,and 24 h were 13. 3% (4 cases),93. 3% (28 cases)and 100. 0% (30 cases),and there were significant differences among the results at the three points(χ2 = 65. 11,P < 0. 01). The infection rates at 18 h and 24 h were significantly higher than 12 h(χ2 = 38. 57,45. 88;P < 0. 01),while there was no significant difference between 18 h and 24 h( χ2 = 2. 07,P > 0. 05). Among 90 samples, bacterial infection was found in 62 samples,out of which a total of 156 bacteria strains were identified,with gram - negative bacteria as the primary strain(65. 4% ,102 bacteria strains),gram - positive bacteria as the secondary strain(24. 4% ,38 bacteria strains)and fungus the third(10. 2% ,16 bacteria strains). Conclusion Baterial infection in the condensate water of ventilator circuits is most likely to occur between 12 h and 18 h after the ventilation begins. In order to reduce infection,nursing staff should pour out the condensate water before 12 h and no later than 18 h. Rational regimens should be chosen according to the specific bacteria strains.