CAJ | 학술논문

以嘉兴市区主干道为研究区域，开展了该市两种典型降雨条件下，道路雨水径流中典型污染物初期冲刷效果、质量浓度变化规律、道路雨水径流水质污染指标相关性，污染物平均质量浓度（EMC）的研究。针对城市典型降雨，分析城市降雨径流污染过程的变化规律，对城市道路径流污染的控制和雨水资源有效利用具有重要意义。利用模式雨型对嘉兴市2010年至2013年间90场降雨进行归纳，总结出Ⅲ型和Ⅶ型为嘉兴市的常见雨型。从2013年降雨监测期间筛选出与该市发生频率最高的两种雨型相似的典型降雨进行分析，结果表明，（1）降雨雨型、降雨强度、降雨前期干燥时间均会对道路径流雨水中污染物浓度产生较大的影响，这也是Ⅶ型降雨比Ⅲ型降雨中道路雨水径流中污染物较高的原因。（2）以携带80%污染物所实际发生的径流量的多少来判断初期冲刷效应的强弱，则Ⅶ型降雨中TN、NH4+-N、SS、TP、COD的初期冲刷效应均强于Ⅲ型降雨。两场降雨中TP的初期冲刷效应均低于其他4种污染物。（3）道路雨水径流中TN、NH4+-N、COD与SS之间均存在良好的相关性。Ⅶ型降雨中TP与SS的相关系数为0.917，而在Ⅲ型降雨中TP与SS的相关系数仅为0.772，所以TP与SS的相关性受降雨条件影响较为明显。（4）Ⅲ型和Ⅶ型降雨中道路雨水径流中SS、COD、TP质量浓度分别为353.2、465.71、4.03 mg·L-1和548.41、335.96、1.18 mg·L-1均不同程度的高于地表水V类标准。Ⅲ型和Ⅶ型降雨中TN浓度为3.47和6.62 mg·L-1高于国家污水一级排放标准，因此SS、COD、TP是道路雨水径流中的主要污染物。
이가흥시구주간도위연구구역，개전료해시량충전형강우조건하，도로우수경류중전형오염물초기충쇄효과、질량농도변화규률、도로우수경류수질오염지표상관성，오염물평균질량농도（EMC）적연구。침대성시전형강우，분석성시강우경류오염과정적변화규률，대성시도로경류오염적공제화우수자원유효이용구유중요의의。이용모식우형대가흥시2010년지2013년간90장강우진행귀납，총결출Ⅲ형화Ⅶ형위가흥시적상견우형。종2013년강우감측기간사선출여해시발생빈솔최고적량충우형상사적전형강우진행분석，결과표명，（1）강우우형、강우강도、강우전기간조시간균회대도로경류우수중오염물농도산생교대적영향，저야시Ⅶ형강우비Ⅲ형강우중도로우수경류중오염물교고적원인。（2）이휴대80%오염물소실제발생적경류량적다소래판단초기충쇄효응적강약，칙Ⅶ형강우중TN、NH4+-N、SS、TP、COD적초기충쇄효응균강우Ⅲ형강우。량장강우중TP적초기충쇄효응균저우기타4충오염물。（3）도로우수경류중TN、NH4+-N、COD여SS지간균존재량호적상관성。Ⅶ형강우중TP여SS적상관계수위0.917，이재Ⅲ형강우중TP여SS적상관계수부위0.772，소이TP여SS적상관성수강우조건영향교위명현。（4）Ⅲ형화Ⅶ형강우중도로우수경류중SS、COD、TP질량농도분별위353.2、465.71、4.03 mg·L-1화548.41、335.96、1.18 mg·L-1균불동정도적고우지표수V류표준。Ⅲ형화Ⅶ형강우중TN농도위3.47화6.62 mg·L-1고우국가오수일급배방표준，인차SS、COD、TP시도로우수경류중적주요오염물。
This research selected the jiaxing main lines as object areas to investigate the first flush effect of pollutants, the pollutant concentrations variation regulation, the index correlations among pollutants in stormwater runoff, and the pollutants average concentrations under the two kinds of typical rainfalls conditions. 90 rainfall events of jiaxing, from 2010 to 2013, were classified by model rainfall pattern, the results of which indicated that patternⅢ andⅦ were the common rainfall pattern, and two rainfall events that were similar with the typical rainfall were chosen to further investigate during 2013. The research results demonstrated that the rainfall pattern, rainfall intensity, and the dry period before rainfall could have a strong effect on runoff pollutant concentrations, which was the reason that patternⅦ had higher pollutant concentrations than patternⅢ in stormwater runoff. The first flush effect of TN, NH4+-N, SS, TP, and COD were stronger in patternⅦ thanⅢ by judging the runoff volume that carried 80% pollutant. In addition, the first flush effect of TP was lower than other four pollutants in two rainfall events. TN, NH4+-N, COD, and SS had evident correlation in stormwater runoff. The correlation coefficient of TP and SS was 0.917 in patternⅦ, but only 0.772 in patternⅢ, which showed that the correlation between TP and SS was strongly affected by rainfall pattern. The concentrations of SS, COD, and TP in patternⅢ were 353.2, 465.71, 4.03 mg·L-1 respectively, and in patternⅦ were 548.41, 335.96, 1.18 mg·L-1 respectively. All of these concentrations were exceed the national surface water standard of V in different degrees. The concentrations of TN in patternⅢ andⅦ were 3.47 and 6.62 mg·L-1 respectively, which were exceed the primary national sewage discharge standard. Hence, SS, COD, and TP were the main pollutants in stormwater runoff.