CAJ | 학술논문

香蕉枯萎病（Fusarium oysporum f. cubense）是当前严重威胁香蕉产业的重要土传病害，目前尚未找到有效的防治措施。本研究利用3个典型香蕉枯萎病患病样地的健康植株根区土壤（WB土）和患病植株根区土壤（FB土）分别直接提取土壤总DNA构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库，分析土壤细菌遗传基因多样性。旨在阐明香蕉枯萎病发病对植株根区土壤细菌多样性的影响，从微生物生态学的角度解释香蕉枯萎病的发生原因并为其防控提供理论依据。结果如下，（1）患病植株根区土壤细菌的基因型数（OTUs）比健康植株减少了18个，香农指数（H'）比健康植株降低了0.66，物种多样性指数（Schao1）比健康植株减少了26。（2）WB文库63个OTUs分属于9个细菌类群和4个尚未确定分类地位基因型，FB文库45个OTUs分属于8个细菌类群和2个尚未确定分类地位的基因型。其中厚壁菌（Firmicutes）、变形菌（Proteobacteria）、放线菌（Actinobacteria）、酸杆菌（Acidobacteria）、芽单胞菌（Gemmatimonadetes）和浮霉菌（Planctomycetes）6个门为健康和患病香蕉植株根区土壤中共有的细菌类群。此外，蓝细菌和Bacteria intertae sedis仅存在于WB土中，而硝化螺旋菌仅存在于FB土中。（3）香蕉枯萎病发病对厚壁菌数量分布的影响极大，FB土比WB土总体增加了11%。其中对芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）数量分布的影响极大，FB土中芽孢杆菌数量比WB土增加了15%。上述结果表明，香蕉植株根区土壤细菌遗传基因多样性降低及其群落结构改变是香蕉枯萎病患病的重要特征，其中芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）数量增加是香蕉枯萎病患病的最主要特征。
향초고위병（Fusarium oysporum f. cubense）시당전엄중위협향초산업적중요토전병해，목전상미조도유효적방치조시。본연구이용3개전형향초고위병환병양지적건강식주근구토양（WB토）화환병식주근구토양（FB토）분별직접제취토양총DNA구건16S rRNA기인극륭문고，분석토양세균유전기인다양성。지재천명향초고위병발병대식주근구토양세균다양성적영향，종미생물생태학적각도해석향초고위병적발생원인병위기방공제공이론의거。결과여하，（1）환병식주근구토양세균적기인형수（OTUs）비건강식주감소료18개，향농지수（H'）비건강식주강저료0.66，물충다양성지수（Schao1）비건강식주감소료26。（2）WB문고63개OTUs분속우9개세균류군화4개상미학정분류지위기인형，FB문고45개OTUs분속우8개세균류군화2개상미학정분류지위적기인형。기중후벽균（Firmicutes）、변형균（Proteobacteria）、방선균（Actinobacteria）、산간균（Acidobacteria）、아단포균（Gemmatimonadetes）화부매균（Planctomycetes）6개문위건강화환병향초식주근구토양중공유적세균류군。차외，람세균화Bacteria intertae sedis부존재우WB토중，이초화라선균부존재우FB토중。（3）향초고위병발병대후벽균수량분포적영향겁대，FB토비WB토총체증가료11%。기중대아포간균（Bacillus）수량분포적영향겁대，FB토중아포간균수량비WB토증가료15%。상술결과표명，향초식주근구토양세균유전기인다양성강저급기군락결구개변시향초고위병환병적중요특정，기중아포간균（Bacillus）수량증가시향초고위병환병적최주요특정。
Currently banana fusarium wilt (Fusarium oysporumf. cubense) is one of the important soil-borne diseases of seriously threat to banana production. However, there is no effective method for prevention in the world. The objective of this study was providing research information for the prevention of banana fusarium wilt from the perspective of microbial ecology. Two gene libraries of 16S rRNA were constructed by directly extracted from soil total DNA. And the soil samples were collected from root zone of banana which infected with fusarium wilt and non-infected plants in three typical plots infected by banana fusarium wilt (Jianfeng, Shiyuetian, Chongpo) in Hainan Province. The soil bacterial genetic diversity was analyzed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic characters. The results were shown as follows: (1) the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in soils from root zone of banana which infected with fusarium wilt was 18 lower than that of non-infected plants. The Shannon index (H') and calculated species richness (Schao1) in soils from root zone of banana which infected with fusarium wilt was respectively 0.66 and 26 lower than that of non-infected plants. (2) 63 OTUs were belonged to 9 bacterial taxa and 4 non-determined genotypes in soils from non-infected plants, and 45 OTUs were belonged to 8 bacterial taxa and 2 non-determined genotypes in soils from fusarium wilt infected plants. And the 6 bacterial phyla of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Planctomycetes among them were common bacterial taxa in soils from root zone of banana both infected with fusarium wilt and non-infected plants. However, Cyanobacteria and Bacteria intertae sedis were only existed in the soils from root zone of banana plants which non-infected with fusarium wilt. In contrast, Nitrospia was only observed in the soils from root zone of infected plants. (3) The proportion of Firmicutes in soils from fusarium wilt infected plants was 11% higher than that of non-infected plants. Meanwhile, the increasing ofBacillus proportions in soils from fusarium wilt infected plants was also 15% higher than that of non-infected plants. These results indicated that the reducing of soil bacterial genetic diversity and its changing of community structure was important characteristics on occurrence of banana fusarium wilt, and increasing in the number ofBacillus in soil was the most important characteristics on occurrence of banana fusarium wilt.