生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2015年
3期
387-395
,共9页
黄金花%刘军%杨志兰%魏飞%郭成藏%景峰%刘建国
黃金花%劉軍%楊誌蘭%魏飛%郭成藏%景峰%劉建國
황금화%류군%양지란%위비%곽성장%경봉%류건국
秸秆还田%土壤有机碳%活性组分%难降解性%酸水解分组法
秸稈還田%土壤有機碳%活性組分%難降解性%痠水解分組法
갈간환전%토양유궤탄%활성조분%난강해성%산수해분조법
straw%soil organic carbon%active ingredient%recalcitrant nature%acid hydrolysis grouping method
以棉花长期连作定位试验田为研究对象，分析了秸秆还田条件下长期连作棉田土壤有机碳活性组分及难降解组分含量的变化特征，为评价秸秆还田对长期连作棉田土壤有机碳库的稳定性及指导区域农业管理措施增强土壤固碳能力提供了科学的理论依据。试验在石河子大学农学院试验站棉花长期连作定位试验田进行，设有秸秆还田模式下5、10、15、20、25和30年棉田连作小区（标记为5、10、15、20、25和30年），无秸秆还田模式下1、5、10和15年连作小区(标记为CK1、CK5、CK10和CK15)，共计10个处理，每个处理3次重复，小区土壤初始背景值相近。棉花种植品种为“新陆早46号”，按“30+60+30”宽窄行距配置，采用膜下滴灌，种植密度为每公顷19.8万株。全生育期滴灌11次，滴灌总量5400 m3·hm-2，共施纯N 495 kg·hm-2，用氮肥的30%作基肥，于棉花收获后结合翻耕施入，其余70%氮肥作追肥随水滴施，其他管理措施同一般大田管理。研究结果表明：秸秆还田可以显著提高0~60 cm土层总有机碳（TOC）含量，随着连作年限的增加，TOC含量逐渐升高，连作30年棉田土壤TOC含量最高；秸秆还田处理下各连作棉田0~20和20~40 cm土层有机碳活性组分含量随着连作年限的增加而呈现明显增加后减少的趋势，而难降解组分（酸解残余碳）含量与活性组分含量呈相反的趋势。秸秆还田能够显著地增加长期连作棉田0~60 cm土层有机碳活性组分和难降解组分的含量，且各组分含量均为0~20>20~40>40~60 cm土层。秸秆还田处理下0~60 cm土层有机碳活性指数（LIc）均小于无秸秆还田处理，且除连作15年外，随连作年限增加LIc呈下降趋势，30年时达到最低，3个土层连作30年LIc比连作5年分别降低了42.86%、49.21%和48.45%；而秸秆还田条件下0~60 cm土层土壤有机碳难降解指数（RIc）均大于无秸秆还田处理，且表现出与活性指数（LIc）相反的趋势，随连作年限增加RIc呈增加趋势，30年时达到最大，3个土层连作30年RIc比连作5年分别增加了28.31%、35.02%和40.53%。秸秆还田能够提高长期连作棉田土壤总有机碳和难降解组分含量，减少有机碳活性组分含量，并使各组分占总有机碳比例间呈动态变化而保持TOC含量呈稳定增加趋势，使长期连作棉田土壤品质朝好的方向转化，同时增加有机碳的稳定性，有利于提高地力。
以棉花長期連作定位試驗田為研究對象，分析瞭秸稈還田條件下長期連作棉田土壤有機碳活性組分及難降解組分含量的變化特徵，為評價秸稈還田對長期連作棉田土壤有機碳庫的穩定性及指導區域農業管理措施增彊土壤固碳能力提供瞭科學的理論依據。試驗在石河子大學農學院試驗站棉花長期連作定位試驗田進行，設有秸稈還田模式下5、10、15、20、25和30年棉田連作小區（標記為5、10、15、20、25和30年），無秸稈還田模式下1、5、10和15年連作小區(標記為CK1、CK5、CK10和CK15)，共計10箇處理，每箇處理3次重複，小區土壤初始揹景值相近。棉花種植品種為“新陸早46號”，按“30+60+30”寬窄行距配置，採用膜下滴灌，種植密度為每公頃19.8萬株。全生育期滴灌11次，滴灌總量5400 m3·hm-2，共施純N 495 kg·hm-2，用氮肥的30%作基肥，于棉花收穫後結閤翻耕施入，其餘70%氮肥作追肥隨水滴施，其他管理措施同一般大田管理。研究結果錶明：秸稈還田可以顯著提高0~60 cm土層總有機碳（TOC）含量，隨著連作年限的增加，TOC含量逐漸升高，連作30年棉田土壤TOC含量最高；秸稈還田處理下各連作棉田0~20和20~40 cm土層有機碳活性組分含量隨著連作年限的增加而呈現明顯增加後減少的趨勢，而難降解組分（痠解殘餘碳）含量與活性組分含量呈相反的趨勢。秸稈還田能夠顯著地增加長期連作棉田0~60 cm土層有機碳活性組分和難降解組分的含量，且各組分含量均為0~20>20~40>40~60 cm土層。秸稈還田處理下0~60 cm土層有機碳活性指數（LIc）均小于無秸稈還田處理，且除連作15年外，隨連作年限增加LIc呈下降趨勢，30年時達到最低，3箇土層連作30年LIc比連作5年分彆降低瞭42.86%、49.21%和48.45%；而秸稈還田條件下0~60 cm土層土壤有機碳難降解指數（RIc）均大于無秸稈還田處理，且錶現齣與活性指數（LIc）相反的趨勢，隨連作年限增加RIc呈增加趨勢，30年時達到最大，3箇土層連作30年RIc比連作5年分彆增加瞭28.31%、35.02%和40.53%。秸稈還田能夠提高長期連作棉田土壤總有機碳和難降解組分含量，減少有機碳活性組分含量，併使各組分佔總有機碳比例間呈動態變化而保持TOC含量呈穩定增加趨勢，使長期連作棉田土壤品質朝好的方嚮轉化，同時增加有機碳的穩定性，有利于提高地力。
이면화장기련작정위시험전위연구대상，분석료갈간환전조건하장기련작면전토양유궤탄활성조분급난강해조분함량적변화특정，위평개갈간환전대장기련작면전토양유궤탄고적은정성급지도구역농업관리조시증강토양고탄능력제공료과학적이론의거。시험재석하자대학농학원시험참면화장기련작정위시험전진행，설유갈간환전모식하5、10、15、20、25화30년면전련작소구（표기위5、10、15、20、25화30년），무갈간환전모식하1、5、10화15년련작소구(표기위CK1、CK5、CK10화CK15)，공계10개처리，매개처리3차중복，소구토양초시배경치상근。면화충식품충위“신륙조46호”，안“30+60+30”관착행거배치，채용막하적관，충식밀도위매공경19.8만주。전생육기적관11차，적관총량5400 m3·hm-2，공시순N 495 kg·hm-2，용담비적30%작기비，우면화수획후결합번경시입，기여70%담비작추비수수적시，기타관리조시동일반대전관리。연구결과표명：갈간환전가이현저제고0~60 cm토층총유궤탄（TOC）함량，수착련작년한적증가，TOC함량축점승고，련작30년면전토양TOC함량최고；갈간환전처리하각련작면전0~20화20~40 cm토층유궤탄활성조분함량수착련작년한적증가이정현명현증가후감소적추세，이난강해조분（산해잔여탄）함량여활성조분함량정상반적추세。갈간환전능구현저지증가장기련작면전0~60 cm토층유궤탄활성조분화난강해조분적함량，차각조분함량균위0~20>20~40>40~60 cm토층。갈간환전처리하0~60 cm토층유궤탄활성지수（LIc）균소우무갈간환전처리，차제련작15년외，수련작년한증가LIc정하강추세，30년시체도최저，3개토층련작30년LIc비련작5년분별강저료42.86%、49.21%화48.45%；이갈간환전조건하0~60 cm토층토양유궤탄난강해지수（RIc）균대우무갈간환전처리，차표현출여활성지수（LIc）상반적추세，수련작년한증가RIc정증가추세，30년시체도최대，3개토층련작30년RIc비련작5년분별증가료28.31%、35.02%화40.53%。갈간환전능구제고장기련작면전토양총유궤탄화난강해조분함량，감소유궤탄활성조분함량，병사각조분점총유궤탄비례간정동태변화이보지TOC함량정은정증가추세，사장기련작면전토양품질조호적방향전화，동시증가유궤탄적은정성，유리우제고지력。
The objective of the experiment is to study the effect of cotton straw mulching on soil organic carbon activity and soil refractory organic matter under long-term continuous cropping condition. This experiment was conducted in the long-term continuous cropping plots from the experiment station of Shihezi University. There were ten treatments in this continuous cropping plots, six treatments’ cotton straw were returned into the soil, and other treatments’ were removed. There were three replicates per treatment, initial soil background values for each plot were similar. The six treatments which had the cotton straw included six continuous cropping plots, such as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 years (they were marked 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 a respectively). The other four treatments were 1, 5, 10 and 15 years continuous cropping plots (they were marked CK1, CK5, CK10 and CK15, respectively). We grew “Xinluzao 46” in our cotton field, and the way of planting was according to“30+60+30” configuration, using drip irrigation under mulch. The planting density was 198000 cottons per hectare. During the growth period, we would drip 11 times, the total drip was 5400 m3·hm-2, total nitrogen application was 495 kg·hm-2, 30% was basic fertilizer, others were fertilized with water. And the other managements were same as the general field management. The results showed that the mulching straw significantly increased the organic carbon content (TOC) of soil at 0~60 cm soil layer. The TOC increased with continuous cropping years, the highest value was found at 30 a treatment. At 0~20 and 20~40 cm soil layer, the soil labile organic carbon content significantly increased up to a maximum value at 15 a treatment at first and then decreased with continuous cropping years, while an inverse tendency was found for the soil refractory organic matter content. The soil labile organic carbon content and refractory organic matter content at 0~60 cm soil layer connectivity showed an increasing tendency under straw mulching treatment. As the soil depth increased, soil organic carbon activity and soil refractory organic matter had a decreasing tendency. The LIc significantly decreased with the continuous cropping years, but there was a exception at 15 a treatments, the 30 year continuous cropping was the minimum. Compared with 0~20, 20~40 and 40~60 cm soil layer in the 5 year continuous cropping, LIc of 30 years decreased by 42.86%, 49.21% and 48.45%. The RIc showed a opposite tend compared to the LIc,the 30 year continuous cropping was the maximum. Compared with 0~20, 20~40 and 40~60 cm soil layer in the 5 year continuous cropping, RIc of 30 years increased by 28.31%, 35.02% and 40.53%. Therefore, it is concluded that the straw mulching is helpful to improving soil fertility by increasing and activating the soil organic carbon content under long-term continuous cropping.
